Bioengineering strategies for nephrologists: kidney was not built in a day. (3rd May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Peired, Anna Julie; Mazzinghi, Benedetta; De Chiara, Letizia; Guzzi, Francesco; Lasagni, Laura; Romagnani, Paola; Lazzeri, Elena
• Is Part Of: Expert opinion on biological therapy. Volume 20:Number 5(2020)
• Page Start: 467
• Page End: 480
• Publication Date: 2020-05-03
• Subjects: Bioengineering -- scaffolds -- 3D bioprinting -- organoids -- microfluidic device -- xenotransplantation -- chimeric kidney -- portable bioartificial kidney; Gene therapy -- Periodicals; Protein drugs -- Periodicals; Peptide drugs -- Periodicals; Immunotherapy -- Periodicals; Drug delivery systems -- Periodicals; 615.5
• DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1709439
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1471-2598

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction : The number of patients with end-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide, creating an unprecedented organ shortage. The kidney is a highly complex structure performing many crucial functions. Dialysis replaces filtration but not all other kidney functions and transplant is limited by kidney availability. Numerous innovative ways are being explored to obtain new kidneys for disease modeling and potentially replace lost kidney functions. Areas covered : In this review, we will go through the different approaches that have been developed over the years to build kidneys. We will first present the current advances in xenotransplantation and generation of interspecies chimeras. Next, we will examine the attempts to create bioengineered kidneys with hemodialysis-derived implantable devices and decellularized organs. Finally, we will examine how organoids and microfluidic devices could answer important pathophysiological questions and model the path toward creating in vitro functional organs, for example through 3D bioprinting. Expert opinion : While all the aforementioned approaches to create new kidneys are promising, their translation into clinical practice seems a long way off, except xenotransplantation. Nonetheless, these novel technologies already consent disease modeling and drug testing at 3D level. We will review the stages of progress toward patient therapy and advantages/drawbacks of the various strategies.