UNIT 14.38 Measuring Apoptosis by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. (2nd February 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hollville, Emilie; Martin, Seamus J.
• Is Part Of: Current protocols in immunology. Volume 112(2016)
• Page Start: 14.38.1
• Page End: 14.38.24
• Publication Date: 2016-02-02
• Subjects: apoptosis -- necrosis -- cell morphology -- microscopy -- flow cytometry; Immunology -- Laboratory manuals; Medical protocols; Immunologic Techniques; Medical protocols; Immunology; Laboratory manuals; Reference works; 571.96028
• DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1438s112
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1934-3671

Abstract

Abstract : Apoptosis is a mode of programmed cell death that plays an important role during development and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Numerous physiological as well as pathological stimuli trigger apoptosis such as engagement of Fas, TRAIL, or TNF receptors, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, or exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Apoptosis is coordinated from within by members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases that, upon activation, trigger a series of morphological changes including cell shrinkage, extensive plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA hydrolysis, and nuclear fragmentation. These dramatic structural and biochemical alterations result not only in the controlled dismantling of the cell, but also in the efficient recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Necrosis, which is typically nonprogrammed or imposed upon the cell by overwhelming membrane or organelle damage, is characterized by rapid plasma membrane rupture followed by organelle and cell swelling. Necrosis is often provoked by infectious agents or a severe departure from physiological conditions. This unit describes protocols for the measurement of apoptosis and for distinguishing apoptosis from necrosis. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.