Endocrine adaptations across physical and psychological stressors in long-term space flights. (April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Angeloni, Debora; Demontis, Gian Carlo
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research. Volume 11(2020)
• Page Start: 21
• Page End: 26
• Publication Date: 2020-04
• Subjects: Microgravity -- Bone loss -- Immune dysregulation -- HPA axis -- Endocannabinoids -- Prefrontal cortex; 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) -- AEA (arachidonylethanolamide) -- BLA (basolateral amygdala) -- CB1R (type 1 cannabinoid receptors) -- CB2R (type 2 cannabinoid receptors) -- DRN (dorsal raphe nucleus) -- eCBs (endocannabinoids) -- HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) -- LEO (low earth orbit) -- PL (prelimbic) PFC -- vmPFC (ventromedial prefrontal cortex); Endocrine glands -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine glands -- Diseases; Metabolism -- Disorders; Periodical; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.12.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2451-9650

Abstract

Abstract: The human body needs to adapt to both psychological pressure and physical stressors, such as radiation and microgravity, to cope with the extreme environment represented by a long-term spaceflight. Resolving the relative contributions of physical and psychological stressors and the mechanisms underlying adaptation remains critical for devising effective countermeasures addressing the health and well-being of humans heading to prospective deep-space exploratory-class missions. In the present short review, we discuss recent evidence on the complex role of novel players linking the response to physical and psychological stressors with health-impacting consequences of long-term space flights, such as bone loss and dysregulated immune response.