The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function. (June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Alseekh, Saleh; Perez de Souza, Leonardo; Benina, Maria; Fernie, Alisdair R.
• Is Part Of: Phytochemistry. Volume 174(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-06
• Subjects: Flavonoids -- Glycosylation -- Hydroxylation -- Methylation -- UDP-Glycosytransferase; Botanical chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; Chimie végétale -- Périodiques; 572.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112347
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-9422

Abstract

Abstract: Over 8000 different flavonoids have been described and a considerable number of new flavonoid structures are being elucidated every year. The advent of metabolomics alongside the development of phytochemical genetics – wherein the genetic basis underlying the regulation of the levels of plant metabolites is determined – has provided a massive boost to such efforts. That said our understanding of the individual function(s) of the vast majority of the metabolites that constitute this important class of phytochemicals remains unknown. Here we review what is known concerning the major decorative modifications of flavonoids in plants, namely hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation and acylation. Our major focus is with regard to the in planta function of these modified compounds, however, we also highlight the demonstrated bioactive roles which they possess. We additionally performed a comprehensive survey of the flavonoids listed in the KNApSAcK database in order to assess the frequency of occurrence of each type of flavonoid modification. We conclude that whilst considerable research has been carried out regarding the biological roles of flavonoids most studies to date have merely provided information on the compound class or sub-classes thereof as a whole with too little currently known on the specific role of individual metabolites. We, therefore, finally suggest a framework based on currently available tools by which the relative importance of the individual compounds can be assessed under various biological conditions in order to fill this knowledge-gap. Graphical abstract: Plants produce amyriadof structurally and functionally diverse metabolites. The review describes the modifications of flavonoids in plants namely hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation and acylationd and discussed theknowledge accrued concerning the biological function. Image 1 Highlights: The review summarized the major decorative modifications of flavonoids in plants. Hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation and acylation of plant flavonoids has been discussed. The knowledge accrued concerning the biological function of flavonoids has been summarized.