Neighborhood disadvantage, parent-adolescent relationship quality, and type 1 diabetes in late adolescents transitioning to early emerging adulthood. (June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mello, Daniel; Wiebe, Deborah; Baker, Ashley C.; Butner, Jonathan; Berg, Cynthia
• Is Part Of: Social science & medicine. Volume 255(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-06
• Subjects: Neighborhood disadvantage -- Parent adolescent relationship -- Adolescence -- Emerging adulthood -- Type 1 diabetes -- Socioeconomic status; Social medicine -- Periodicals; Medical anthropology -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine sociale -- Périodiques; Anthropologie médicale -- Périodiques; Santé publique -- Périodiques; Psychologie -- Périodiques; Médecine -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-9536

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: We examined whether neighborhood disadvantage predicted subsequent levels, and longitudinal trajectories, of type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes among late adolescents transitioning into early emerging adulthood. We also examined whether such associations occur indirectly through parent-adolescent relationship quality. Research design & methods: Seniors in high school with T1D (N = 236; mean age 17.76 ± 0.39 years; 61% female; 73.7% non-Latino White) completed selfreport measures of relationship quality with mothers and fathers, and adherence to their diabetes regimen; glycemic control was measured using HbA1c assay kits. Both T1D outcomes (i.e. adherence, HbA1c) were assessed annually across three time points (two years). Census tract indicators of neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., % unemployed) were culled from participant addresses at baseline linked to American Community Survey data. Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between neighborhood disadvantage, relationship quality, and both subsequent levels (i.e., intercepts centered at Time 2), and trajectories of T1D outcomes (i.e., slopes across three time points). Results: All models showed excellent fit to the data. Greater neighborhood disadvantage associated with lower relationship quality with both parents. Lower relationship quality with fathers (but not with mothers) measured at Time 1 predicted poorer levels of adherence and HbA1c at Time 2, and formed an indirect path linking neighborhood disadvantage to each Time 2 outcome. Neighborhood disadvantage and parent-adolescent relationship quality during high school did not predict longitudinal trajectories of T1D outcomes across all three time points. Conclusions: Parent-adolescent relationship quality (especially with fathers) remains important for T1D outcomes among late adolescents on the cusp of emerging adulthood, but may be at risk among those living within a socioeconomically-disadvantaged neighborhood. Highlights: Examined links between neighborhood disadvantage and T1D outcomes. Longitudinal models examined the high-risk transition to early emerging adulthood. Relationship quality with mothers and fathers were examined as mediators. Neighborhood disadvantage linked to poorer relationship quality with parents. Links to T1D outcomes occurred through relationships with fathers, but not mothers.