Low-cost far-field wireless electrical load monitoring system applied in an off-grid rural area of Tanzania. (August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Xinlin; Ha, Bora; Lee, Gil-Yong; Kim, Hyungjung; Yu, Jongha; Rhee, Herb; Njau, Karoli N.; Jande, Yusufu Abeid Chande; Ahn, Sung-Hoon
• Is Part Of: Sustainable cities and society. Volume 59(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-08
• Subjects: Far-field wireless electrical load monitoring -- Radio frequency -- Sustainability -- Low-cost -- Rural areas; Sustainable urban development -- Periodicals; Sustainable buildings -- Periodicals; Urban ecology (Sociology) -- Periodicals; 307.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102209
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2210-6707

Abstract

Highlights: A low-cost radio frequency-based wireless energy monitoring system is introduced with embedded open source code. The proposed system is neither confined to any geographic location nor limited by the development of local infrastructure. Data loss is effectively minimized to enhance the sustainability of the system operating outdoors. A standby device is proposed to prevent the monitoring system from being disabled by external environmental factors. Abstract: Despite the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, there is still a lack of practical wireless energy monitoring methods that can be implemented directly in rural areas with undeveloped infrastructure. To address this gap, this paper presents a novel far-field wireless electrical load monitoring system. By taking advantage of radio frequency (RF) technology, the system realizes one-point-to-multipoint and multichannel communication, thereby extending the effective communication distance of the system and improving its sustainability to the influence of the external environment. The design proposed in this study includes standby equipment to effectively ensure the normal operation of the system in the case of hardware malfunction. The proposed method can be implemented in most geographical regions, neither confined to specific geographic locations nor limited by the level of development of the local infrastructure. Moreover, the hardware of the proposed system is based on Arduino boards, resulting in a low-cost manufacturing process. This system has been applied in a rural area of Tanzania, with 46 households. This paper reports a 238 % increase in power consumption by the residents between the time of initial system deployment, when they had little access to electricity, and the time when accessibility became easy.