An adapted Delphi approach: The use of an expert panel to operationally define non-judgment of internal experiences as it relates to mindfulness. (June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kraines, Morganne A.; Uebelacker, Lisa A.; Gaudiano, Brandon A.; Jones, Richard N.; Beard, Courtney; Loucks, Eric B.; Brewer, Judson A.
• Is Part Of: Complementary therapies in medicine. Volume 51(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-06
• Subjects: Alternative medicine -- Periodicals; Complementary Therapies -- Periodicals; Médecines parallèles -- Périodiques; Thérapeutique -- Périodiques; Alternative medicine; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 615.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102444
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-2299

Abstract

Highlights: An adapted Delphi approach was used to operationally define non-judgment. We used an expert panel review for this process. The core team reached consensus for an operational definition of the construct. This is the first systematic operational definition of non-judgment. The definition will be used in the development of an implicit task of non-judgment. Abstract: Objectives: There are several definitions of mindfulness throughout the literature, many of which suggest an attitude of non-judgmental awareness. However, the concept of "non-judgment" itself has not previously been systematically operationally defined. Our purpose was to use an expert panel to generate an operational definition of non-judgment of internal experiences, as it relates to mindfulness, to be used to inform the development of an implicit measure of the construct. Design: We utilized an adapted Delphi survey method consisting of three survey rounds. Setting: We employed in-person and online survey methods. Results: We used three survey rounds with an adapted Delphi approach. Expert review panelists consisted of 18 mindfulness researchers or clinicians. Each round of survey results was assessed and discussed among the core team. A consensus was reached among the core team for an operational definition of non-judgment of internal experiences: "acknowledging our thoughts, feelings, and sensations, as they are, without applying valence (e.g., good, bad, right, wrong) to them." Conclusions: An expert panel review process informed the generation of an operational definition of non-judgment of internal experiences. Our operational definition provides a foundation for the future development of an implicit task of non-judgment of internal experiences, with the aim of using this task to assess change in response to mindfulness-based treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic definition of non-judgment of internal experiences within the mindfulness literature.