Non-planarity, scale-dependent roughness and kinematic properties of the Pidima active normal fault scarp (Messinia, Greece) using high-resolution terrestrial LiDAR data. (July 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Karamitros, Ioannis; Ganas, Athanassios; Chatzipetros, Alexandros; Valkaniotis, Sotirios
• Is Part Of: Journal of structural geology. Volume 136(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-07
• Subjects: LiDAR -- Earthquakes -- Roughness -- Peloponnese -- Messinia -- Fault; Geology, Structural -- Periodicals; Géomorphologie structurale -- Périodiques; Geology, Structural; Periodicals; 551.805
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104065
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0191-8141

Abstract

Abstract : Terrestrial LiDAR (TLS), photogrammetric and field data were collected during the years 2014, 2015 and 2017, at a 20-m long limestone scarp locality along the N–S striking, 70° west-dipping, active Pidima fault (Messinia, SW Peloponnese, Greece). This locality presents an artificially exhumed portion of an active fault plane, thus providing a unique opportunity to study kinematics and limestone scarp morphology (including its curvature and roughness). The survey of 2015 offered a high-density point cloud of the fault scarp with 6-mm working resolution, creating a very close to real life representation 3D model. We found that scarp geometry is non-planar with increasing convexity up-dip and increasing northwesterly dip-directions from north towards south, along strike. Non-planarity is also recorded from the morphological data along strike with the appearance of several, slip-parallel troughs and ridges with a mean distance (half-wavelength) of 0.75 m. The fault-plane roughness (absolute values) is scale dependent. The roughness configuration attains a slip-parallel pattern for observation scales above 1-cm. At observations scales less than 1-cm a slip-normal pattern is weakly visible. The obtained TLS results agree with field data (manual compass measurements) and macroscopic observations. We infer an earthquake magnitude of 6.2 ± 0.2 for the last event along the Pidima fault based on the measured thickness of the smooth stripe that was imaged by t-LiDAR along the non-exhumed surface of the scarp. Highlights: High-density point cloud (17K points per squ. metre) of the Pidima active normal fault scarp with 6-mm resolution. Detail mapping of the variation of fault plane geometry along strike and dip and along the slip vector orientation. Validation of TLS data products with field measurements. New quantitative data on corrugations and roughness properties of the fault plane.