Cell stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immunoevasion: Intertwined aspects in cancer metastasis. (February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Romano, Simona; Tufano, Martina; D'Arrigo, Paolo; Vigorito, Vincenza; Russo, Salvatore; Romano, Maria Fiammetta
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 60(2020)
• Page Start: 181
• Page End: 190
• Publication Date: 2020-02
• Subjects: PD-L1 programmed cell death ligand 1 -- CSC cancer stem cell -- EMT epithelial to mesenchymal transition -- TME tumor microenvironment -- PD1 programmed cell death protein 1 -- SOX Sry-related HMG box -- OCT4 octamer-binding transcription factor 4 -- MMIC malignant melanoma initiating cell -- ABC ATP-binding Cassette -- MHC major histocompatibility complex -- TGF-β transforming growth factor beta -- IL interleukin -- Treg regulatory T cell -- APC antigen presenting cell -- GBM glioblastoma multiforme -- STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription -- SCCHN squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck -- IFN interferon -- TNBC triple-negative breast cancer -- ALDH aldehide dehydrogenase -- DC dendritic cells -- PRC1 polycomb repressor complex-1 -- CCL C-C motif chemokine ligand -- TAZ tafazzin -- YAP yes-associated protein -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- miR microRNA -- PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog -- WNK2 WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2 -- PI3k phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- AKT protein kinase B/PKB -- MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase -- CRC colorectal cancer -- ZEB zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox -- TCF3 transcription factor 3 -- SMAD small mother against decapentaplegic -- Tils tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes -- ICOS inducible T cell COStimulator -- CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand -- IDO indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase -- NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma -- PD-L2 programmed death ligand 2 -- TIM-3 T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 -- B7-H3 B7-homologue 3 -- BTLA B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator -- CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 -- MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells -- TAMs tumor-associated macrophages -- CAFs cancer-associated fibroblasts -- JAK janus kinase -- CtBP2 C-terminal binding protein-2 -- GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor -- MCP2 monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- TLR toll-like receptor -- MMP matrix metallopeptidase -- ECM extracellular matrix -- HGF hepatocyte growth factor -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor -- SDF1 stromal cell-derived factor 1 -- NK natural killer -- NKG2D NK group 2, member D receptor -- HLA human leukocyte antigen -- CADM1 cell adhesion molecule 1 -- CRTAM cytotoxic and regulatory T cell-associated molecule -- KLRG1 killer lectin-like receptor G1 -- ITSM tyrosine-based switch motif -- TCR T cell receptor -- TCGA the cancer genome atlas -- IRF1 IFN regulatory Factor 1 -- RTK receptor tyrosine kinase -- eIF4E eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E -- MHC2TA MHC class II transactivator, CIITA -- NPM nucleophosmin -- ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase -- HDAC histone deacetylase -- HOXA5 homeobox A5 -- MLL1 mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 -- H3K4me3 histone H3 proteins with lysine 4 trimethylation -- UTR 3′-untranslated region -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- S6K1 S6 kinase-1 -- Cbl casitas B-lineage lymphoma -- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor -- EGF epidermal growth factor -- STT3 dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase subunit -- AMPK 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- ERAD ER-associated protein degradation -- SPOP speckle-type POZ protein -- CDK cyclin-dependent kinase -- FKBP51 FK506 binding protein 51 -- TPR tetratricopeptide repeat -- IR ionizing radiation -- SAFit selective antagonist of FKBP51 by induced fit -- DM desmoplastic melanoma -- CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer -- ATM ataxia telengiectasia mutated kinase -- SNHG20 small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 -- MUC1 mucin 1 -- TCF4 transcription factor 4 -- RPS6 ribosomal protein S6; Cancer stemness -- Mesenchymal phenotype -- Immunoevasion -- PD-L1; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Abstract: Recent advances in tumor immunology, fostered by dramatic outcomes with cancer immunotherapy, have opened new scenarios in cancer metastasis. The cancer stemness/mesenchymal phenotype and an excess of immune suppressive signals are emerging as Intertwined aspects of human tumors. This review examines recent studies that explored the mechanistic links between cancer cell stemness and immunoevasion, and the evidence points to these key events in cancer metastasis as two sides of the same coin. This review also covers the mechanisms involved in tumor expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a major factor exploited by human neoplasias to suppress immune control. We highlight the convergence of mesenchymal traits and PD-L1 expression and examine the functions of this immune inhibitory molecule, which confers cancer cell resistance and aggressiveness.