Protective effects of lycopene in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases: An update on epidemiological and mechanistic perspectives. (May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saini, Ramesh Kumar; Rengasamy, Kannan R.R.; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Keum, Young-Soo
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 155(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-05
• Subjects: MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine -- HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A -- AChE acetylcholinesterase -- ATF6 activated transcription factor 6 -- ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone -- Aldh1a aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase -- ARE antioxidant response element -- ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated -- ATR atrazine -- BiP binding immunoglobulin protein -- BBB blood-brain barrier -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase -- CRP C-reactive protein -- CVD cardiovascular diseases -- CAIMT carotid artery intima-media thickness -- CNS central nervous system -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- EPIC-NL European investigation into cancer and nutrition-Netherlands -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase -- FMD flow-mediated dilation -- FAK focal adhesion kinase -- GJIC gap junctional intercellular communication -- GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein -- GCL glutamate-cysteine ligase -- GSH-PX glutathione peroxidase -- GSTs glutathione-S-transferases -- HO-1 heme oxygenase 1 -- HNF hepatocyte nuclear factor -- HDL high-density lipoprotein -- HER cHuman epidermal growth factor receptor -- HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells -- HD Huntington's disease -- HIF hypoxia-inducible factors -- iNOS Inducible NOS -- IκB inhibitor of kappa B -- IR insulin receptor -- IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor -- IGFBP3 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 -- IFNγ interferon gamma -- IL Interleukin -- IL-1β interleukin 1-beta -- ICV intracerebroventricular -- Iba-1 ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 -- IKK IκB kinase -- LDL-C LDL-cholesterol -- LPS lipopolysaccharides -- LKB1 liver kinase B1 -- LDL low-density lipoprotein -- Ly6a lymphocyte antigen 6a -- MDA malondialdehyde -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin -- MSCs mesenchymal stem cells -- MCM-2 minichromosome maintenance protein 2 -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MI myocardial infarction -- NDEA N-nitrosodiethylamine -- NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 -- Ngfr nerve growth factor receptor -- NO nitric oxide -- NOS nitric oxide synthase -- Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- PON-1 paraoxonase-1 -- PD Parkinson's disease -- PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors -- PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- PKB phosphorylated protein kinase B -- PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 -- PGE2 prostaglandin E2 -- PSA prostate-specific antigen -- PTK protein tyrosine kinase -- RNS reactive nitrogen species -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RSD relative standard deviation -- RARs retinoic acid receptors -- RXRs retinoid X receptors -- Skp S-phase kinase-associated protein -- SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms -- SD Sprague–Dawley -- SREBP-2 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 -- SDH succinate dehydrogenase -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- Syp synaptophysin -- TG thapsigargin -- TIMPs tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -- TRAF TNF receptor-associated factor -- TC total cholesterol -- TRAMP transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate -- TRL triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α -- VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 -- AFP α-fetoprotein; Antioxidant -- Carotenoids -- Chronic disease -- Cancer -- Lycopene -- Oxidative stress -- Neurodegenerative -- NF-κB -- Tomato; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104730
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Recent mechanistic and epidemiological studies have provided insights into health benefits of dietary lycopene to decrease the risk and complications associated with several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. These chronic diseases are primarily associated with oxidative stress-induced systemic and low-grade chronic inflammation. Owing to its potent antioxidant properties, lycopene can potentially alleviate enhanced levels of proinflammatory mediators ( e.g., proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, -6, and -1, and oxidized phospholipids) and prevent NF-κB activation by modulating oxidative stress. Moreover, lycopene serves as a precursor for various oxidative cleavage products and metabolites including Apo-8'-, apo-10'-, and apo-12'-lycopenals that can interact with multiple transcription factors ( e.g., Nrf2, RARs, RXRs, and PPARs) to overexpress antioxidant and cytoprotective Phase II enzymes and other growth-stimulating proteins ( e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for enhanced neuroprotection. These events altogether can protect the body from chronic inflammatory disorders. In the present review, the latest mechanistic development from cell and animal models and results of case-control, cohort, and randomized trials are discussed to support the protective part of lycopene in cancer, CVD, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on cellular and molecular events involved in protective effects of lycopene. Although molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in health-promoting activities of lycopene have been reported, no detailed mechanistic studies have been published. Hence, future studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanistic role(s) of lycopene-derived oxidation products in modulating cellular signaling.