Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review. (May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Faraone, Immacolata; Sinisgalli, Chiara; Ostuni, Angela; Armentano, Maria Francesca; Carmosino, Monica; Milella, Luigi; Russo, Daniela; Labanca, Fabiana; Khan, Haroon
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 155(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-05
• Subjects: Akt protein kinase B -- anti-PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen -- Bax Bcl-2 associated protein -- Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- bw body weight -- CdC2 cell division cycle 2 -- CDK cyclin-dependent kinase -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- DMH dimethyl hydrazine -- ECM extracellular matrix -- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition -- ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinases -- FAK focal adhesion kinase -- Fas-L Fas ligand -- FoxO3 Forkhead box O3 -- GSK-3β Glycogen synthase kinase 3 -- GSTM2 glutathione S-transferase M2 -- HAS human serum albumin -- HDL high-density lipoprotein -- hENT1 human equilibrative nucleoside transporter -- HO-1 Heme oxygenase -- HPV human papilloma virus -- HSV herpes simplex virus -- IAP inhibitor of apoptosis proteins -- IKKβ inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase -- IL- Interleukin- -- JAK1 Janus kinase 1 -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- miRNAs microRNA -- MMP matrix metallo proteinases -- mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin -- NF-kB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- NMBA N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine -- NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 -- Nrf2/ARE nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response elements -- p70S6K p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase -- pBCEC porcine brain capillary endothelial cells -- pCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen -- PI3K phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases -- PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -- PSA Prostate Specific Antigen -- ROS oxygen reactive species -- RRM1-2 ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 and M2 -- RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases -- SIRT1 sirtuin 1 -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- TGF- transforming growth factor- -- TLR-4 toll-like receptors 4 -- TNF tumor necrosis factor -- TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand -- VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -- VEGFR2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor -- Wnt Wingless-INT -- XPC xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C -- ZEB1 Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; Proapoptotic -- Cancer prevention -- Cell cycle -- Malignancy -- Survivina -- Staxanthin; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104689
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: During the latest decades, the interest on the effectiveness of natural compounds and their impact on human health constantly increased, especially on those demonstrating to be effective on cancer. Molecules coming from nature are currently used in chemotherapy like Taxol, Vincristine or Vinblastine, and several other natural substances have been showed to be active in reducing cancer cell progression and migration. Among them, astaxanthin, a xanthophyll red colored carotenoid, displayed different biological activities including, antinflammatory, antioxidant, proapoptotic, and anticancer effects. It can induce apoptosis through downregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2, p-Bad, and survivin) expression and upregulation of proapoptotic ones (Bax/Bad and PARP). Thanks to these mechanisms, it can exert anticancer effects towards colorectal cancer, melanoma, or gastric carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, it possesses antiproliferative activity in many experimental models and enhances the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapic drugs on tumor cells underling its potential future use. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the anticancer potential of astaxanthin by modulating several molecular targets. While it has been clearly demonstrated its multitarget activity in the prevention and regression of malignant cells in in vitro or in preclinical investigations, further clinical studies are needed to assess its real potential as anticancer in humans.