Speed of action and stage specificity of Bencha-loga-wichian, a Thai traditional antipyretic formulation, against Plasmodium falciparum and the chloroquine-potentiating activity of its active compounds, tiliacorinine and yanangcorinine. (10th August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nutmakul, Thanutchaporn; Pattanapanyasat, Kovit; Soonthornchareonnon, Noppamas; Shiomi, Kazuro; Mori, Mihoko; Prathanturarug, Sompop
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 258(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-08-10
• Subjects: Antiplasmodial -- Mechanisms of action -- Synergy -- Isobologram; 5RD dichloromethane extract of BLW prepared from roots -- 5SD dichloromethane extract of BLW prepared from stems -- BLW Bencha-loga-wichian -- CQdp chloroquine diphosphate -- PfW2 Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain -- TCN tiliacorinine -- TTRD dichloromethane extract of Tiliacora triandra roots -- TTSD dichloromethane extract of Tiliacora triandra stems -- YCN yanangcorinine; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112909
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bencha-loga-wichian (BLW), a Thai traditional antipyretic formulation, has been reported to have promising antiplasmodial activity, and it was previously revealed that tiliacorinine and yanangcorinine, isolated from Tiliacora triandra, were the active compounds. However, the mechanisms of action of BLW have not been investigated. In addition, these active compounds are bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, many compounds of which have been reported to potentiate the efficacy of chloroquine. Aims of the study: To investigate the antiplasmodial mechanisms of action of BLW and evaluate the effects of chloroquine combined with tiliacorinine or yanangcorinine. Materials and methods: Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (PfW2) strains at the ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages were exposed to the extracts or compounds for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 or 48 h. The percentages of parasitemia were determined by flow cytometry, and their morphologies were examined by Giemsa-stained smear to evaluate the speed of action and stage specificity. For the drug combination assay, a modified fixed-ratio isobologram method was used. Results: The antiplasmodial activity of BLW possessed a slow onset of action and was the most effective against ring-stage parasites. After 48 h of extracts or compounds exposure, most of the treated parasites, at all stages, turned to the pyknotic form and could not recover even after extracts or compounds removal. The results suggested that these extracts and compounds could kill the parasites or possess parasiticidal effects. In addition, the combination of chloroquine with tiliacorinine or yanangcorinine demonstrated a synergistic effect, indicating that these compounds could potentiate chloroquine efficacy against chloroquine-resistant parasites. Conclusion: The antiplasmodial mechanisms of action of BLW appeared to differ from that of chloroquine and other current antimalarial drugs. In addition, tiliacorinine and yanangcorinine, the active compounds of BLW, could potentiate the efficacy of chloroquine. Accordingly, BLW was shown to be a good candidate for development as a new antimalarial and useful for drug combination therapy. Graphical abstract: Image 1