Ten questions concerning the implications of carpet on indoor chemistry and microbiology. (March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Haines, Sarah R.; Adams, Rachel I.; Boor, Brandon E.; Bruton, Thomas A.; Downey, John; Ferro, Andrea R.; Gall, Elliott; Green, Brett J.; Hegarty, Bridget; Horner, Elliott; Jacobs, David E.; Lemieux, Paul; Misztal, Pawel K.; Morrison, Glenn; Perzanowski, Matthew; Reponen, Tiina; Rush, Rachael E.; Virgo, Troy; Alkhayri, Celine; Bope, Ashleigh; Cochran, Samuel; Cox, Jennie; Donohue, Allie; May, Andrew A.; Nastasi, Nicholas; Nishioka, Marcia; Renninger, Nicole; Tian, Yilin; Uebel-Niemeier, Christina; Wilkinson, David; Wu, Tianren; Zambrana, Jordan; Dannemiller, Karen C.;
• Is Part Of: Building and environment. Volume 170(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-03
• Subjects: Carpet -- Flooring -- Dust -- Resuspension -- Indoor microbiology -- Indoor chemistry; Buildings -- Environmental engineering -- Periodicals; Building -- Research -- Periodicals; Constructions -- Technique de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 696
• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106589
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-1323

Abstract

Abstract: Carpet and rugs currently represent about half of the United States flooring market and offer many benefits as a flooring type. How carpets influence our exposure to both microorganisms and chemicals in indoor environments has important health implications but is not well understood. The goal of this manuscript is to consolidate what is known about how carpet impacts indoor chemistry and microbiology, as well as to identify the important research gaps that remain. After describing the current use of carpet indoors, questions focus on five specific areas: 1) indoor chemistry, 2) indoor microbiology, 3) resuspension and exposure, 4) current practices and future needs, and 5) sustainability. Overall, it is clear that carpet can influence our exposures to particles and volatile compounds in the indoor environment by acting as a direct source, as a reservoir of environmental contaminants, and as a surface supporting chemical and biological transformations. However, the health implications of these processes are not well known, nor how cleaning practices could be optimized to minimize potential negative impacts. Current standards and recommendations focus largely on carpets as a primary source of chemicals and on limiting moisture that would support microbial growth. Future research should consider enhancing knowledge related to the impact of carpet in the indoor environment and how we might improve the design and maintenance of this common material to reduce our exposure to harmful contaminants while retaining the benefits to consumers. Highlights: Carpets are reservoirs for uptake and re-emission of chemical and biological agents. Carpets also directly emit chemicals and support chemical transformations. The fraction of dust resuspended by occupants is higher in carpet than hard floor. Sustainability concerns include proper carpet maintenance, disposal and replacement. Future carpets could be designed to improve indoor environmental quality.