The causal effect of retirement on stress in older adults in China: A regression discontinuity study. (April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Simiao; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Bärnighausen, Till
• Is Part Of: SSM - population health. Volume 10(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-04
• Subjects: Retirement -- Regression discontinuity design -- Stress -- China; Social medicine -- Periodicals; Medical anthropology -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100462
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-8273

Abstract

Abstract: Population aging in middle-income countries, including China, has resulted in strong economic incentives to increase the retirement age. These economic incentives should be weighed up against the effects of later retirement on physical and mental health and wellbeing. We aimed to determine the causal effect of retirement on perceived stress, an important measure of mental well-being. We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015 and adopted a non-parametric regression discontinuity design (RDD) to measure the causal effect of retirement on stress. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-14. On average, the effect of retirement on stress was close to the null value and insignificant. In subgroup analyses, we found that retirement reduces stress in men but raises stress in women. Though these gender-specific effects were not statistically significant, their magnitudes were large. Thus, the average null result in the entire population appears to hide opposite gender-specific effects. More research is needed to confirm this finding in studies with larger sample sizes and understand the gender-specific pathways leading from retirement to stress. Highlights: The effects of retirement on stress are important for policy debates on changing the retirement age. We find that, on average, retirement does not have an effect on stress among older adults in China. This average null result in the overall population hides opposite and large gender-specific effects. In China, retirement reduces stress in men but raises stress in women. Chinese policy makers should consider designing retirement policies specifically for men and women.