The relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. (April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Jiao; Chen, Xiang; Lu, Lingyun; Yu, Xijie
• Is Part Of: Cytokine & growth factor reviews. Volume 52(2020)
• Page Start: 88
• Page End: 98
• Publication Date: 2020-04
• Subjects: PMOP postmenopausal osteoporosis -- BMD bone mineral density -- MAT marrow adipose tissue -- OVX ovariectomy -- OPG osteoprotegerin -- RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand -- RANK receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB -- BMMs bone marrow monocytes/macrophages -- ERα estrogen receptor alpha -- MSCs bone marrow mesenchymal cells -- TRAF6 receptor-associated factor 6 -- NF-κB nuclear factor-κB -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- NFATc1 nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 -- IL interleukin -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- GM-CSF granulocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor -- JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- BMAs bone marrow adipocytes -- CTGF connective tissue growth factor -- TGF-β tumor growth factor beta -- PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha -- Runx2 runt-related transcript factor 2 -- SOST sclerostin -- FSH follicle-stimulating hormone -- WAT white adipose tissue -- BAT brown adipose tissue -- LepR leptin receptor -- PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma -- C/EBP alpha CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α -- UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 -- PRDM16 positive regulatory domain containing 16 -- Dio2 deiodinase 2 -- FoxC2 forkhead box C2 -- FABP4 fatty acid binding protein 4 -- cMAT constitutive marrow adipose tissue -- rMAT regulated marrow adipose tissue -- TZDs thiazolidinediones -- EVs extracellular vesicles -- FFAs free fatty acids -- PA paltimic acid -- HSCs hematopoietic stem cells -- SNS sympathetic nervous system -- AdipoR adiponectin receptor -- CMKLR1 chemokine-like receptor 1 -- DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 -- PtNPs platinum nanoparticles -- IONPs iron oxide nanoparticles -- CYLD cylindromatosis -- GNPs gold nanoparticles; Postmenopausal osteoporosis -- Estrogen withdrawal -- Marrow adipose tissue -- Bone metabolism; Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6101

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: With an aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become a global public health issue. Abnormal expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PMOP. Emerging therapeutic methods targeting MAT are confirmed to be effective in improving bone mass. Further studies in this area will uncover the pathogenesis and provide additional therapeutic targets for PMOP. Abstract: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent skeletal disorder associated with menopause-related estrogen withdrawal. PMOP is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of the skeletal microarchitecture, and subsequent increased susceptibility to fragility fractures, thus contributing to disability and mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PMOP, in part because both bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common ancestor lineage. The cohabitation of MAT adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone marrow creates a microenvironment that permits adipocytes to act directly on other cell types in the marrow. Furthermore, MAT, which is recognized as an endocrine organ, regulates bone remodeling through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Although an enhanced MAT volume is linked to low bone mass and fractures in PMOP, the detailed interactions between MAT and bone metabolism remain largely unknown. In this review, we examine the possible mechanisms of MAT expansion under estrogen withdrawal and further summarize emerging findings regarding the pathological roles of MAT in bone remodeling. We also discuss the current therapies targeting MAT in osteoporosis. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MAT expansion and bone metabolism in estrogen deficiency conditions will provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for PMOP.