Maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours associated with adiposity in infants as measured by air displacement plethysmography. (January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bennett, Annemarie E.; Kearney, John M.
• Is Part Of: Early human development. Volume 140(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01
• Subjects: Body composition -- Infancy -- Maternal body mass index -- Air displacement plethysmography -- Overweight -- Obesity; Fetus -- Periodicals; Neonatology -- Periodicals; Prenatal influences -- Periodicals; 612.65
• DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104887
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-3782

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Identifying modifiable factors associated with body fat in infancy may improve health outcomes. Few studies have examined factors associated with percentage body fat calculated using air displacement plethysmography, a gold standard technique. Aims: To investigate maternal sociodemographic and health behaviour characteristics associated with percentage body fat in offspring at birth. Study design: Observational cross-sectional study in which the body composition of term infants was measured by air displacement plethysmography during the hospital stay after birth. Subjects: One-hundred-and-ninety-six women and their term (37–42 weeks) infants. Outcome measures: Associations between infant body composition and maternal sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results: One-hundred-and-ninety-six women (41.8% primiparous) participated. Mean percentage body fat among infants (51.5% female) was 10.3 ± 3.7. Percentage body fat was significantly ( p < 0.001) higher in infants born to women with an obese or overweight body mass index (BMI), when compared to infants born to women with a healthy BMI (12.1 ± 4.0, 11.1 ± 3.1, and 9.2 ± 3.7, respectively). A significant positive correlation ( r = 0.294) was observed, with the percentage body fat of infants born to women with an overweight or obese BMI being 17.1% and 23.9% higher, respectively, than that of infants born to women with a healthy weight BMI. Percentage body fat was lower in infants born to primiparous women ( p = 0.011) and women of low social class ( p = 0.003). Conclusions: Infants born to women with an overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI had significantly higher mean percentage body fat when compared to infants born to women with a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI. Research into approaches that promote a healthy BMI in advance of pregnancy is warranted. Highlights: Identifying factors associated with neonatal adiposity may improve health outcomes. Percentage body fat was measured at birth using air displacement plethysmography. Women with pre-pregnancy overweight had infants with higher percentage body fat. Interventions that promote a healthy body mass index before pregnancy are needed.