Accumulation characteristics and biological response of ginger to sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin. (July 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lv, Yao; Xu, Jiamin; Xu, Kun; Liu, Xiaohui; Guo, Xiaochun; Lu, Shaoyong; Xi, Beidou
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 262(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-07
• Subjects: Sulfamethoxazole -- Ofloxacin -- Ginger -- Physiological response -- Antibiotic resistance genes; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114203
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: The potential risk to human health of antibiotics that pass through the food chain has become an important global issue, but there are few reports on the response of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) to antibiotic pollution. In this study, we investigated the enrichment characteristics and biological response of ginger to sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and ofloxacin (OFL) residues, which are common in the environment. Lower levels of SMZ, OFL and their combined duplex treatment (SMZ+OFL) promoted the growth of ginger, but the critical doses necessary to stimulate growth differed among treatments: 10 mg L −1 SMZ, 1 mg L −1 OFL and 1 mg L −1 (SMZ+OFL) had the strongest stimulating effects. At higher dosages, the root growth and light energy utilization efficiency of ginger were impaired, and (SMZ+OFL) had the strongest inhibitory effect. Treatments with lower levels of antibiotics had no significant effect on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, when SMZ, OFL and SMZ+OFL concentrations exceeded 10 mg L −1, the contents of H2 O2, O2 − and MDA continued to increase, while the activities of SOD, POD, CAT first increased and then decreased, especially in SMZ+OFL. Ginger accumulated more SMZ and OFL in rhizomes and less in leaves, and accumulation increased significantly as antibiotic concentration increased. When SMZ concentration was 1 mg L −1, the SMZ concentrations in rhizomes, roots, and leaves were 0.23, 0.15, and 0.05 mg kg −1, respectively, and the residual SMZ in the rhizome was 2.3 times higher than the maximum residue limit. The abundance of the resistance genes sul 1, sul 2, qnr S, and intI 1 increased with increasing antibiotic concentrations, and intI 1 abundance was the highest. OFL induced higher levels of intI 1 expression than did SMZ. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: SMZ and OFL were mainly accumulated in the edible organs (rhizomes) of ginger. The intI 1 abundance was the highest, and the induction effect of OFL was stronger. At 1 mg L −1, the residue in rhizome exceeded the MRL. Above 1 mg L −1, the antibiotic residue in rhizome exceeds MRL.