Endogenous α1‐antitrypsin levels in the perilymphatic fluid correlates with severity of hearing loss. (26th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: El‐Saied, Sabri; Schmitt, Heike; Durisin, Martin; Joshua, Ben‐Zion; Abu Tailakh, Muhammad; Prenzler, Nils; Lenarz, Thomas; Kaplan, Daniel M.; Lewis, Eli C.; Warnecke, Athanasia
• Is Part Of: Clinical otolaryngology. Volume 45:Number 4(2020)
• Page Start: 495
• Page End: 499
• Publication Date: 2020-04-26
• Subjects: autoinflammation -- congenital deafness -- hearing loss -- perilymph -- α1‐antitrypsin; Otolaryngology -- Periodicals; 617.51005
• DOI: 10.1111/coa.13541
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1749-4478

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the levels of endogenous α1‐antitrypsin in the perilymph of patients undergoing cochlear implant (CI), and its reverse association with the severity of hearing loss. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Participants: The study includes 38 patients undergoing CI surgery, 11 patients diagnosed with congenital deafness and 27 non‐congenital deafness, eight patients diagnosed with moderate hearing loss (N = 8; PTA = 70 dB), severe hearing loss (N = 11; PTA 70‐90 dB) and profound hearing loss (N = 19; PTA > 90 dB). Main outcome and measure: 1 to 12 μL perilymphatic fluids were collected by micropipette. α1‐antitrypsin levels were determined, and current and historic audiological parameters were obtained. Results: The congenital and non‐congenital group exhibited AAT concentrations of 2.5 ± 1.9 × 10 6 LFQ and 3.2 ± 1.2 × 10 6 LFQ, respectively (mean ± SD; P = .38). Mean levels of α1‐antitrypsin in the perilymph fluid within the moderate group was 3.64 × 10 6 ± 2.1 × 10 6 LFQ vs 3.5 × 10 6 ± 1.2 × 10 6 in severe hearing loss ( P = .81) and 2.4 × 10 6 ± 1.1 × 10 6 LFQ in the profound hearings loss group ( P = .06). The difference in levels of AAT in samples from the severe hearings loss group vs the profound hearings loss group reached statistical significance ( P = .04). Conclusion: Insufficiency in α1‐antitrypsin levels in the perilymph fluid of the inner ear appears to display a relationship with the severity of hearing loss. The prospect of introducing clinical‐grade plasma‐purified α1‐antitrypsin directly onto the site of cochlear injury deserves thorough investigation.