Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease: A population‐based cross‐sectional study. Issue 4 (15th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Song, Sen Tao; Shi, Jian; Wang, Xiao Hang; Guo, Yi Bin; Hu, Ping Fang; Zhu, Feng; Zeng, Xin; Xie, Wei Fen
• Is Part Of: Journal of digestive diseases. Volume 21:Issue 4(2020:Apr.)
• Page Start: 237
• Page End: 245
• Publication Date: 2020-04-15
• Subjects: complement C4 -- cross‐sectional study -- epidemiology -- gallstone -- risk factors -- ultrasonography; Digestive organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Gastroenterology -- Periodicals; 616.3
• DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12857
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-2972

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai, China. Methods: A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in Shanghai between 2016 and 2017. Using a three‐stage stratified sampling strategy, 4009 participants (1753 men and 2256 women) from 10 districts were enrolled. Results: The overall prevalence of gallstones was 6.83% (6.22% for men vs 7.31% for women, P = 0.173). According to the multivariate analysis, individuals aged ≥40 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.058, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.110–4.433, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.479, 95% CI 1.076–2.034, P = 0.016), thyroid disease (OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.029–1.928, P = 0.032), a family history of gallstones (OR 2.234, 95% CI 1.362–3.662, P = 0.001) and a waist‐to‐height ratio ≥0.5 (OR 1.656, 95% CI 1.197–2.292, P = 0.002) had an increased risk of developing gallstones. The risk of gallstone disease was 2.232 (95% CI 1.167–4.268, P = 0.015) times higher in individuals with elevated C4 levels than in those with normal C4 levels. Diabetes (OR 4.144, 95% CI 1.171–14.671, P = 0.028) was a risk factor for the formation of gallstones with diameters ≥1 cm, and men were more susceptible to develop multiple stones (OR 2.356, 95% CI 1.321–4.200, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Individuals aged ≥40 years, with a history of hypertension and familial gallstones, a high waist‐to‐height ratio, thyroid disease and high C4 levels were related to an increased risk of gallstone disease.