Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge. Issue 11 (9th June 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wada, Y.; Bowers, G. S.; Enoto, T.; Kamogawa, M.; Nakamura, Y.; Morimoto, T.; Smith, D. M.; Furuta, Y.; Nakazawa, K.; Yuasa, T.; Matsuki, A.; Kubo, M.; Tamagawa, T.; Makishima, K.; Tsuchiya, H.
• Is Part Of: Geophysical research letters. Volume 45:Issue 11(2018)
• Page Start: 5700
• Page End: 5707
• Publication Date: 2018-06-09
• Subjects: gamma ray glow -- winter thunderstorms -- atmospheric electric field -- low frequency -- electron acceleration; Geophysics -- Periodicals; Planets -- Periodicals; Lunar geology -- Periodicals; 550
• DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077784
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0094-8276

Abstract

Abstract: An on‐ground observation program for high‐energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along the Japan Sea has been performed via measurements of gamma ray radiation, atmospheric electric field, and low‐frequency radio band. On 11 February 2017, the radiation detectors recorded gamma ray emission lasting for 75 s, and then abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The gamma ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power law model with a photon index of 1 . 3 6 − 0 . 04 + 0 . 03, being consistent with Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (known as a gamma‐ray glow or a thunderstorm ground enhancement). The low‐frequency radio monitors, installed ∼50 km away from the gamma ray observation site recorded leader development of an intracloud/intercloud discharge spreading over ∼60 km area with a ∼300‐ms duration. The timing of the gamma ray termination coincided with the moment when the leader development of the intracloud/intercloud discharge passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The intracloud/intercloud discharge started ∼15 km away from the gamma ray observation site. Therefore, the glow was terminated by the leader development, while it did not trigger the lightning discharge in the present case. Plain Language Summary: This study presents high‐energy radiation, atmospheric electric field and low‐frequency radio measurements of winter thunderstorms in Japan. Long‐duration gamma ray bursts, called "gamma ray glows, " are thought to originate from electrons accelerated and multiplied by strong electric fields in thunderclouds. There are unsolved questions such as electron‐acceleration mechanisms, position of the acceleration site, lifetime, and life cycle of the bursts. We observed a gamma ray burst lasting for ∼75 s from a thundercloud abruptly terminated with a lightning discharge. The gamma ray source was destroyed by a cloud‐to‐cloud discharge over the gamma ray observation site but not related to the triggering of the discharge in the present case. Key Points: A gamma ray glow and its termination with a lightning discharge was observed in a Japanese winter thunderstorm The glow was terminated by leader development of a horizontally long intracloud/intercloud discharge passing nearby overhead The intracloud/intercloud discharge was not triggered by the glow in the present case because it started far from the gamma ray glow site