Janus kinase inhibitors: A therapeutic strategy for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Issue 9 (18th February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hosseini, Arezoo; Gharibi, Tohid; Marofi, Faroogh; Javadian, Mahsa; Babaloo, Zohreh; Baradaran, Behzad
• Is Part Of: Journal of cellular physiology. Volume 235:Issue 9(2020:Sep.)
• Page Start: 5903
• Page End: 5924
• Publication Date: 2020-02-18
• Subjects: autoimmune diseases -- cancer -- Janus kinase inhibitors -- novel treatment strategy; Physiology -- Periodicals; Cell physiology -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29593
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0021-9541

Abstract

Abstract: Many cytokines are crucial drivers of cancers and autoimmune conditions. These proteins bind to receptors and signal their responses through Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Genetic variations in the JAK–STAT pathway are correlated with the increased risk of cancers, autoimmunity as well as inflammatory diseases. Targeting JAKs and STATs can be a safe and efficacious strategy for treating these diseases. Tofacitinib, as the first JAK inhibitor, is approved for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Also, many other JAK inhibitors have been proven or are in various phases of clinical trials for various diseases. At present, small‐molecule JAK inhibitors are considered as a novel category of drugs in the treatment of cancer and immune‐mediated diseases. Abstract : Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors prevent multiple pathways of cytokine signaling. Cytokine binding to its specific receptor induces the activation of specific JAK pathways. JAKs activate and transfer a phosphate from ATP to tyrosine residues of their substrates. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) recruit and bind to the receptor, and then become phosphorylated by JAKs. JAKs‐mediated phosphorylation dimerize and activate STATs, which move into the nucleus and regulate gene expression. JAK inhibitors block specific JAK molecules and have high efficacy with few side effects.