Mandibular corpus shape is a taxonomic indicator in extant hominids. Issue 1 (13th March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Balolia, Katharine L.; Jakeman, Elise C.; Massey, Jason S.; Groves, Colin; Wood, Bernard
• Is Part Of: American journal of physical anthropology. Volume 172:Issue 1(2020)
• Page Start: 25
• Page End: 40
• Publication Date: 2020-03-13
• Subjects: 3D surface scans -- geometric morphometrics -- great ape -- mandible -- taxonomy; Physical anthropology -- Periodicals; Anthropology -- Periodicals; Anthropologie physique -- Périodiques; 599.9
• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-9483

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to understand whether the shape of three sub‐regions of the mandibular corpus (the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and posterior symphysis) are useful for making taxonomic assessments at the genus and species levels in extant hominids. Materials and Methods: We use data taken from 3D surface scans of the mandibular corpus of seven extant hominid taxa: Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri, Homo sapiens, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pongo abelii, and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus to generate four shape variables: alveolar arch shape (AAS), corpus shape at M1 (CSM1 ), posterior symphysis shape at the midline (PSSM), and posterior symphysis shape (PSS). To ascertain how reliable each mandibular shape variable is for assessing taxonomy, we ran canonical discriminant and discriminant function analysis, reporting cross‐validated results. Results: Using a combination of three mandibular corpus shape variables, 99% of specimens were classified correctly for genus‐level analyses. A maximum of 100% of Pan specimens, 94% of Gorilla specimens and 96% of Pongo specimens were classified correctly at the species level when up to three mandibular shape variables were included in the analyses. When mandibular corpus variables were considered in isolation, posterior symphysis shape yielded the highest overall correct classification results. Discussion: The high taxonomic classification rates at both the genus and species level, using 3D surface data and advanced quantification techniques, show that the shape of the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and symphysis can distinguish extant hominid taxa. These findings have implications for assessing the taxonomy of extinct hominid specimens which preserve these mandibular sub‐regions.