Immunogenicity of Polyethylene Glycol Based Nanomedicines: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications and Systematic Approach. Issue 3 (13th February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: d'Avanzo, Nicola; Celia, Christian; Barone, Antonella; Carafa, Maria; Di Marzio, Luisa; Santos, Hélder A.; Fresta, Massimo
• Is Part Of: Advanced therapeutics. Volume 3:Issue 3(2020)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-02-13
• Subjects: Anti‐PEG antibodies -- complement activation -- hypersensitivity reactions -- immunogenicity; Therapeutics -- Periodicals; Pharmaceutical technology -- Periodicals; Pharmacogenetics -- Periodicals; 615.5
• DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900170
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2366-3987

Abstract

Abstract: PEGylation technique is currently considered the gold standard approach to provide a long and safe circulation of drugs. Although this is the accepted dogma, various clinical reports and animal studies show the occurrence of immunogenic responses against polyethylene glycol (PEG) after systemic injection. These side effects, associated with complement activation and/or anti‐PEG antibody production, result in hypersensitivity reactions and lack of therapeutic efficacy of the drug during clinical protocols. Furthermore, different healthy patients show the presence of anti‐PEG antibodies in their blood stream, even though they have not received PEGylated drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss the main mechanisms based on PEG immunogenicity and its clinical implications and report the most promising approaches to reduce these unexpected side effects. Abstract : Despite the fact that polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the main polymer used to provide long circulating properties to nanocarriers, an ever increasing number of clinical reports and animal investigations describe several immunogenic reactions after PEGylated nanomedicine administration. This review describes the main mechanism of these drawbacks, their clinical implications, and the possible approaches to overcome these restrictions.