Novel Application of the Pfirrmann Disc Degeneration Grading System to 9.4T MRI: Higher Reliability Compared to 3T MRI. Issue 13 (1st July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sher, Idrees; Daly, Chris; Oehme, David; Chandra, Ronil V.; Sher, Mustafa; Ghosh, Peter; Smith, Julian; Goldschlager, Tony
• Is Part Of: Spine. Volume 44:Issue 13(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-07-01
• Subjects: 3T MRI -- 9.4T MRI -- agreement -- disc degeneration -- magnetic resonance imaging -- MRI -- Pfirrmann grade -- reliability; Spine -- Abnormalities -- Periodicals; Spine -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Spine -- Surgery -- Periodicals; 616.73005
• DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002967
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0362-2436

Abstract

Abstract : Study Design: Reliability study. Objective: To evaluate the applicability and reliability of 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of degenerative disc disease compared with 3T MRI. Summary of Background Data: MRI is a reliable indicator of biochemical changes in the intervertebral disc (IVD) including hydration status, proteoglycan content, and disc degeneration compared with anatomical and histological studies. High-field 9.4T MRI has been shown to provide superior resolution and anatomical detail. However, it has not been tested against current standard MRI techniques. Methods: Disc degeneration was initiated in 36 skeletally mature ewes 6 months prior to necropsy via validated surgical IVD injury models using either scalpel injury or drill-bit injury techniques at lumbar spine levels L2/3 and L3/4 with L1/2, L4/5, and L5/6 serving as control discs. All ex vivo IVDs were examined with 9.4T MRI and 3T MRI. All scans were analyzed using the Pfirrmann grading system by four independent observers. Intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed using kappa statistics and Spearman correlation. Results: Inter- and intraobserver agreement for 9.4T MRI was excellent, both at κ 0.91 ( P < 0.001). Comparatively, 3T interobserver reliability demonstrated substantial agreement at κ 0.61 ( P < 0.001). Complete agreement was obtained in 92.7% to 100% of discs at 9.4T compared with 69.7% to 83.1% at 3T. A difference of one grade or more occurred in 6.7% at 9.4T and 39.3% at 3T. 9.4T MRI scored 97.3% of discs as grade 1 to 2 compared with 71.3% at 3T. 3T MRI tended to over-score the extent of disc degeneration with 28.6% of discs scored as grade 3 or higher compared with 2.7% at 9.4T MRI. Conclusion: 9.4T MRI study of IVD degeneration using the Pfirrmann grading system demonstrated excellent inter- and intraobserver reliability. Comparatively, 3T MRI demonstrated a tendency to over score the extent of disc degeneration. This improved reliability of 9.4T MRI holds great potential for its clinical applications. Level of Evidence: 3 Abstract : MRI is an important tool in the assessment of disc degeneration. High-field MRI such as the 9.4T magnet provides superior resolution and excellent reliability compared with low-field MRI. 3T MRI demonstrates reduced levels of agreement among observers compared with 9.4T MRI and only substantial interobserver reliability.