Disparities in Shigellosis Incidence by Census Tract Poverty, Crowding, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States, FoodNet, 2004–2014. (31st January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Libby, Tanya; Clogher, Paula; Wilson, Elisha; Oosmanally, Nadine; Boyle, Michelle; Eikmeier, Dana; Nicholson, Cynthia; McGuire, Suzanne; Cieslak, Paul; Golwalkar, Mugdha; Geissler, Aimee; Vugia, Duc
• Is Part Of: Open forum infectious diseases. Volume 7:Number 2(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01-31
• Subjects: Census tract -- diarrheal disease -- FoodNet -- poverty -- Shigella; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Medical microbiology -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2328-8957

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Shigella causes an estimated 500 000 enteric illnesses in the United States annually, but the association with socioeconomic factors is unclear. Methods: We examined possible epidemiologic associations between shigellosis and poverty using 2004–2014 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data. Shigella cases (n = 21 246) were geocoded, linked to Census tract data from the American Community Survey, and categorized into 4 poverty and 4 crowding strata. For each stratum, we calculated incidence by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and FoodNet site. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the highest to lowest stratum. Results: Annual FoodNet Shigella incidence per 100 000 population was higher among children <5 years old (19.0), blacks (7.2), and Hispanics (5.6) and was associated with Census tract poverty (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5–3.8) and household crowding (IRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7–1.9). The association with poverty was strongest among children and persisted regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, or geographic location. After controlling for demographic variables, the association between shigellosis and poverty remained significant (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6). Conclusions: In the United States, Shigella infections are epidemiologically associated with poverty, and increased incidence rates are observed among young children, blacks, and Hispanics.