Using social media to measure impacts of named storm events in the United Kingdom and Ireland. (4th February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Spruce, M.; Arthur, R.; Williams, H. T. P.
• Is Part Of: Meteorological applications. Volume 27:Number 1(2020)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-02-04
• Subjects: extreme weather -- impacts -- social media -- social sensing -- storms; Meteorology -- Periodicals; Meteorological services -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1002/met.1887
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-4827

Abstract

Abstract: Despite increasing use of impact‐based weather warnings, the social impacts of extreme weather events lie beyond the reach of conventional meteorological observations and remain difficult to quantify. This presents a challenge for validation of warnings and weather impact models. This study considers the application of social sensing, the systematic analysis of unsolicited social media data to observe real‐world events, to determine the impacts of named storms in the United Kingdom and Ireland during the winter storm season 2017–2018. User posts on Twitter are analysed to show that social sensing can robustly detect and locate storm events. Comprehensive filtering of tweets containing weather keywords reveals that ~3% of tweets are relevant to severe weather events and, for those, locations could be derived for about 75%. Impacts of storms on Twitter users are explored using the text content of storm‐related tweets to assess changes in sentiment and topics of discussion over the period before, during and after each storm event. Sentiment shows a consistent response to storms, with an increase in expressed negative emotion. Topics of discussion move from warnings as the storm approaches, to local observations and reportage during the storm, to accounts of damage/disruption and sharing of news reports following the event. There is a high level of humour expressed throughout. This study demonstrates a novel methodology for identifying tweets which can be used to assess the impacts of storms and other extreme weather events. Further development could lead to improved understanding of social impacts of storms and impact model validation. Abstract : Despite increasing use of impact‐based weather warning systems, the social impacts of extreme weather events lie beyond the reach of conventional meteorological observations and remain difficult to quantify. An analysis of data collected from the social media platform Twitter during named storm events in 2017/2018 finds information on sentiment and topics of discussion during each storm. This demonstrates a novel methodology for improved understanding of the social impacts of extreme weather and for better impact‐based forecast validation.