Common problems with the conventional design of crutches: Proposing a safer design and discussing the potential impact. (February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brown, Suzana; Vairis, Achilles; Masoumifar, Ali M.; Petousis, Markos
• Is Part Of: Technology in society. Volume 60(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-02
• Subjects: Assistive devices -- Design -- Disabled population; Technology -- Social aspects -- Periodicals; 303.483
• DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101215
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-791X

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to address the need for improving low-tech and low-cost assistive technology for the population in low and middle-income countries and bridge an assistive technology access divide. In general, the assistive technology industry is extremely specialized and typically designed for high-income settings. This can be inferred from the variety of options for high-end wheelchairs and devices and the limited number of design solutions for a basic walking aid, such as the crutch. Moreover, available designs of assistive devices are often not suitable for the physical, social, and cultural environment of users resulting in a high abandonment rate (as high as 75%, although figures vary depending on the type of assistive devices). In pursuit of addressing this problem, a survey was conducted to explore what users find most challenging with current designs of a tradition walking aid, the crutch. Drawing on 2 primary datasets gathered through surveying 50 participants in various rehabilitation centers in Korea and interviewing 5 users in a refugee camp in Malawi who use crutches, the current study offers a description of the underlying factors of satisfaction on the individual level and suggests a solution of one issue identified. It proposes an alternative design for an enhanced crutch shoe, designed to increase the versatility of the crutch while keeping it affordable and compatible with existing crutch frames. The proposed design's stability on uneven terrain was evaluated through simulation and compared to the conventional crutch for levels of ground displacement. Furthermore, the study examines the potential impact of the proposed design while estimating the cost of production and the size of its potential market. From a theoretical perspective, the differences between the existing and the proposed crutch design are considered in terms of the Technology Domestication theory by considering the role of the environment in the everyday context. Highlights: Identify common problems with the conventional design of crutches. Address one of the safety concerns that users of crutches have. Propose an alternative design that improves stability for the user on unpaved paths. Improve stability for the user on unpaved and uneven paths deterring secondary injuries. Making it compatible with existing crutch frames and affordable for underserved. Lower abandonment of assistive products in developing countries.