Microwave‐mediated noncatalytic synthesis of ethyl levulinate: A green process for fuel additive production. (2nd December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nguyen, Hoang Chinh; Ong, Hwai Chyuan; Pham, Thi Thanh Truc; Dinh, Thi Kim Khue; Su, Chia‐Hung
• Is Part Of: International journal of energy research. Volume 44:Number 3(2020)
• Page Start: 1698
• Page End: 1708
• Publication Date: 2019-12-02
• Subjects: biofuel -- esterification -- ethyl levulinate -- kinetic -- microwave irradiation -- noncatalytic process; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Research -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1002/er.4985
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0363-907X

Abstract

Summary: This study developed a new catalyst‐free process for producing ethyl levulinate, a biofuel additive. Noncatalytic levulinic acid esterification with ethanol using microwave irradiation (MW) was compared with that using traditional heating (TH) under different reaction conditions. The results demonstrated that the esterification process using MW was more effective than that using TH. A reaction conversion of 90.38% was obtained for the esterification using MW at 473 K and reaction time of 3 hours. Moreover, this study established a model for depicting the kinetics of levulinic acid esterification using MW and TH. A good fit to the data ( R 2 of >.9999) was achieved, indicating the validity of the developed model. The rate constants and pre‐exponential factor obtained for the esterification using MW were greater than those obtained using TH. Consequently, the microwave‐assisted noncatalytic synthesis is a green and promising method for preparing ethyl levulinate. Abstract : Noncatalytic reactions have increasingly received interest as green processes for chemical production. Those processes do not use catalyst, thus eliminating drawbacks associated with both chemical and enzymatic methods. This study developed a new method involving noncatalytic esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol using microwave irradiation to facilitate the achievement of green, energy‐efficient, cost‐effective method for producing ethyl levulinate, a biofuel additive. To the best of our knowledge, noncatalytic esterification using microwave irradiation was first used to produce ethyl levulinate.