Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities. (1st August 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Søberg, Laila C.; Winston, Ryan; Viklander, Maria; Blecken, Godecke-Tobias
• Is Part Of: Water research. Number 4(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-08-01
• Subjects: Filter material -- Biofilter -- Heavy metals -- Metal fractionation -- Filter media; Water supply -- Periodicals; Water-supply engineering -- Periodicals; Water -- Pollution -- Research -- Periodicals; 361.6105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100032
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2589-9147

Abstract

Abstract: The dissolved metal adsorption and association was determined for ten different filter materials recommended and/or implemented in bioretention facilities. Batch adsorption and batch kinetic experiments were performed at lab-scale using both single and multi-metal solutions. Metal strengths and association were determined by sequential extraction analysis. All materials adsorbed metals and 90% of adsorption occurred within 1 h. However, as metal solutions became more complex, adsorption behavior changed. Generally, filter materials classified as sand with a naturally high pH, relatively low organic matter (OM) content and large specific surface area seem to be good choices for removing dissolved metals. Additionally, a chalk additive might improve metal adsorption whereas biochar did not significantly improve metal retention and may be an unwanted (due to degradation over time) extra source of OM. Regardless of filter material, metals primarily adsorbed to the exchangeable form which indicates that metal adsorption might not be permanent, but rather substantially reversible in some cases. More research is needed to assess whether dissolved metals adsorbed in filter materials of bioretention systems pose a delayed threat instead of an immediate threat. Finally, the authors strongly recommend filter materials intended for stormwater bioretention facilities to be tested prior to implementation. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Batch test including 10 world-wide implemented biofilter materials. Novel insights in dissolved metal adsorption in biofilters. Sequential extraction reveals that adsorption seems to be substantially reversible. Metal adsorption goes fast with >90% adsorbed within 1 h. Chalk was beneficial while addition of degradable organic matter should be avoided.