A cultural change to enable improved decision-making in forensic science: A six phased approach. Issue 1 (January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Earwaker, Helen; Nakhaeizadeh, Sherry; Smit, Nadine M.; Morgan, Ruth M.
• Is Part Of: Science & justice. Volume 60:Issue 1(2020)
• Page Start: 9
• Page End: 19
• Publication Date: 2020-01
• Subjects: Forensic sciences -- Periodicals; Criminal investigation -- Periodicals; Forensic Medicine -- Periodicals; Jurisprudence -- Periodicals; Criminalistique -- Périodiques; Enquêtes criminelles -- Périodiques; Criminal investigation; Forensic sciences; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 363.2505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.08.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1355-0306

Abstract

Abstract: There has been an increased engagement by researchers in understanding the decision-making processes that occur within forensic science. There is a rapidly growing evidence base underpinning our understanding of decision-making and human factors and this body of work is the foundation for achieving truly improved decision-making in forensic science. Such an endeavour is necessary to minimise the misinterpretation of scientific evidence and maximize the effectiveness of crime reconstruction approaches and their application within the criminal justice system. This paper proposes and outlines a novel six phased approach for how a broadening and deepening knowledge of decision-making in forensic science can be articulated and incorporated into the spheres of research, practice, education, and policy making within forensic science specifically, and the criminal justice system more generally. Phases 1 and 2 set out the importance of systematic examination of the decisions which play a role throughout forensic reconstruction and legal processes. Phase 3 focuses on how these decisions can, and should, be studied to understand the underlying mechanisms and contribute to reducing the occurrence of misleading decisions. Phase 4 highlights the ways in which the results and implications of this research should be communicated to the forensic community and wider criminal justice system. Lastly, the way in which the forensic science domain can move forwards in managing the challenges of human decision-making and create and embed a culture of acceptance and transparency in research, practice and education (learning and training) are presented in phases 5 and 6. A consideration of all 6 connected phases offers a pathway for a holistic approach to improving the transparency and reproducibility of decision making within forensic science. Highlights: A six-phase model addresses judgement and decision-making in forensic science. The model demonstrates the value of mapping decision-making processes. It emphasises the need for holistic consideration of the forensic science process. It highlights the value of improving channels of communication and dissemination. It recognises the need for a risk management approach and changes in education.