Si and Ge‐Based Anode Materials for Li‐, Na‐, and K‐Ion Batteries: A Perspective from Structure to Electrochemical Mechanism. Issue 5 (10th January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Loaiza, Laura C.; Monconduit, Laure; Seznec, Vincent
• Is Part Of: Small. Volume 16:Issue 5(2020)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-01-10
• Subjects: anodes -- batteries -- electrochemistry -- germanium -- silicon; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Nanoparticles -- Periodicals; Microtechnology -- Periodicals; 620.5
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905260
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-6810

Abstract

Abstract: Silicon and germanium are among the most promising candidates as anodes for Li‐ion batteries, meanwhile their potential application in sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries is emerging. The access of their entire potential requires a comprehensive understanding of their electrochemical mechanism. This Review highlights the processes taking place during the alloying reaction of Si and Ge with the alkali ions. Several associated challenges, including the volumetric expansion, particle pulverization, and uncontrolled formation of solid electrolyte interphase layer must be surmounted and different strategies, such as nanostructures and electrode formulation, have been implemented. Additionally, a new approach based on the use of layered Si and Ge‐based Zintl phases is presented. The versatility of this new family permits the tuning of their physical and chemical properties for specific applications. For batteries in particular, the layered structure buffers the volume expansion and exhibits an enhanced electronic conductivity, allowing high power applications. Abstract : This Review presents a study of the electrochemical mechanism for Si and Ge, and the impact of the morphology over the electrochemical performance. Particular attention is given to the layered Si‐ and Ge‐based phases that buffer the volume variations and improve the ion diffusion.