Active‐Optical Reflectance Sensing Corn Algorithms Evaluated over the United States Midwest Corn Belt. (1st November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bean, G. M.; Kitchen, N. R.; Camberato, J. J.; Ferguson, R. B.; Fernandez, F. G.; Franzen, D. W.; Laboski, C. A. M.; Nafziger, E. D.; Sawyer, J. E.; Scharf, P. C.; Schepers, J.; Shanahan, J. S.
• Is Part Of: Agronomy Journal. Volume 110:Number 6(2018)
• Page Start: 2552
• Page End: 2565
• Publication Date: 2018-11-01
• Subjects: Agronomy -- Periodicals; 630
• DOI: 10.2134/agronj2018.03.0217
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-1962

Abstract

Abstract : Core Ideas: Active‐optical reflectance sensor algorithms perform poorly outside the area for which they were originally developed. The red edge waveband is more sensitive to N stress than the red waveband. Some active‐optical reflectance algorithms are dependent on the sensor for which they were developed. Uncertainty exists with corn ( Zea mays L.) N management due to year‐to‐year variation in crop N need, soil N supply, and N loss from leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Active‐optical reflectance sensing (AORS) has proven effective in some fields for generating N fertilizer recommendations that improve N use efficiency, but locally derived (e.g., within a US state) AORS algorithms have not been tested simultaneously across a broad region. The objective of this research was to evaluate locally developed AORS algorithms across the US Midwest Corn Belt region for making in‐season corn N recommendations. Forty‐nine N response trials were conducted across eight states and three growing seasons. Reflectance measurements were collected and sidedress N rates (45–270 kg N ha −1 on 45 kg ha −1 increments) applied at approximately V9 corn development stage. Nitrogen recommendation rates from AORS algorithms were compared with the end‐of‐season calculated economic optimal N rate (EONR). No algorithm was within 34 kg N ha −1 of EONR > 50% of the time. Average recommendations differed from EONR 81 to 147 kg N ha −1 with no N applied at planting and 74 to 118 kg N ha −1 with 45 kg of N ha −1 at planting, indicating algorithms performed worse with no N applied at planting. With some algorithms, utilizing red edge instead of the red reflectance improved N recommendations. Results demonstrate AORS algorithms developed under a particular set of conditions may not, at least without modification, perform very well in regions outside those within which they were developed.