Conserved and divergent expression dynamics during early patterning of the telencephalon in mouse and chick embryos. (March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Muley, Vijaykumar Yogesh; López-Victorio, Carlos Javier; Ayala-Sumuano, Jorge Tonatiuh; González-Gallardo, Adriana; González-Santos, Leopoldo; Lozano-Flores, Carlos; Wray, Gregory; Hernández-Rosales, Maribel; Varela-Echavarría, Alfredo
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 186(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-03
• Subjects: Telencephalon development -- Embryonic brain development -- Vasculature system -- Atrx -- RNA sequencing -- Autism Spectrum Disorders; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101735
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Highlights: Transcriptional regulation of mouse and chick telencephalic development. Atrx, Cbx3, 5, Nsd1, 2, Chd4, and Adnp genes are critical in the developing telencephalon. Link between telencephalic development and autism spectrum disorders. Species-specific control of telencephalic and vascular system development. Abstract: The mammalian and the avian telencephalon are nearly indistinguishable at early embryonic vesicle stages but differ substantially in form and function at their adult stage. We sequenced and analyzed RNA populations present in mouse and chick during the early stages of embryonic telencephalon to understand conserved and lineage-specific developmental differences. We found approximately 3000 genes that orchestrate telencephalon development. Many chromatin-associated epigenetic and transcription regulators show high expression in both species and some show species-specific expression dynamics. Interestingly, previous studies associated them to autism, intellectual disabilities, and mental retardation supporting a causal link between their impaired functions during telencephalon development and brain dysfunction. Strikingly, the conserved up-regulated genes were differentially enriched in ontologies related to development or functions of the adult brain. Moreover, a differential enrichment of distinct repertoires of transcription factor binding motifs in their upstream promoter regions suggest a species-specific regulation of the various gene groups identified. Overall, our results reveal that the ontogenetic divergences between the mouse and chick telencephalon result from subtle differences in the regulation of common patterning signaling cascades and regulatory networks unique to each species at their very early stages of development.