Speeding: a review of self-reported effects of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). (2nd January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Green, Bob; Hayllar, Jeremy; Anderson, Carrick
• Is Part Of: Addiction research & theory. Volume 28:Number 1(2020)
• Page Start: 82
• Page End: 90
• Publication Date: 2020-01-02
• Subjects: Amphetamine MDMA methamphetamine self reported effect; Substance abuse -- Periodicals; Compulsive behavior -- Periodicals; Behavior, Addictive -- Periodicals; Substance-Related Disorders -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2019.1622000
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1606-6359

Abstract

Abstract: Speeding: A review of self-reported effects of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS). Background: Despite well-publicized adverse effects, Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) continue to be widely used. The self-report of ATS users provides a valuable source of information regarding the diverse range of ATS effects. Examining the self-reported acute effects of ATS users supports a fuller understanding of potential drivers, inhibitors, perceived benefits and negative consequences of ATS use. Method: A systematic review of studies reporting the prevalence of self-reported effects was undertaken. Effects meeting the review criteria were categorised using a computerised dictionary of terms, and their point prevalence estimated. Results: Over half of the MDMA and amphetamine participants reported increased sociability, energy, talkativeness and positive mood. There was a range of psychological and physiological effects commonly reported by MDMA users, not reported by amphetamine users. Almost a third of MDMA users reported hallucinations and 20% paranoia, however, physical violence was not frequently examined or reported. No studies meeting the review criteria were located that described the frequency of self-reported methamphetamine effects. Unlike areas such as alcohol and cannabis where there is an established literature examining drug expectancies, there is limited research into amphetamine or methamphetamine expectancies which impedes a comprehensive understanding of particular effects which reinforce use, especially for recreational users. Conclusions: A wide range of self-reported ATS effects and their prevalence were estimated. The absence of studies documenting self-reported methamphetamine effects and studies on ATS expectancies are notable gaps in the literature.