Abnormal linear growth in paediatric adrenal diseases: Pathogenesis, prevalence and management. (5th December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Minnetti, Marianna; Caiulo, Silvana; Ferrigno, Rosario; Baldini‐Ferroli, Barbara; Bottaro, Giorgia; Gianfrilli, Daniele; Sbardella, Emilia; De Martino, Maria Cristina; Savage, Martin O.
• Is Part Of: Clinical endocrinology. Volume 92:Number 2(2020)
• Page Start: 98
• Page End: 108
• Publication Date: 2019-12-05
• Subjects: adrenal disorders -- adult height -- growth plate -- height -- hyperandrogenism -- hypercortisolaemia -- paediatric; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; 616.4005
• DOI: 10.1111/cen.14131
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-0664

Abstract

Abstract: Abnormal adrenal function can interfere with linear growth, potentially causing either acceleration or impairment of growth in paediatric patients. These abnormalities can be caused by direct effects of adrenal hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and sex steroids, or be mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the disturbance of the growth hormone‐insulin‐like growth factor‐1 axis and aromatization of androgens to oestrogens. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment of adrenal disorders can prevent or minimize growth disturbance and facilitate improved height gain. Mechanisms of growth disturbance in the following abnormal states will be discussed; hypercortisolaemia, hyperandrogenaemia and obesity. Prevalence and features of growth disturbance will be discussed in ACTH‐dependent and ACTH‐independent Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical tumours, premature adrenarche, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal insufficiency disorders. Recommendations for management have been included.