An overview of current knowledge in biological functions and potential theragnostic applications of exosomes. (January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rahmati, Shima; Shojaei, Fereshteh; Shojaeian, Ali; Rezakhani, Leila; Dehkordi, Mehdi Banitalebi
• Is Part Of: Chemistry and physics of lipids. Volume 226(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01
• Subjects: AD-MSC adipose-derived MSC -- Aex ascite-derived exosomes -- Ang II angiotensin II -- AT1/2R angiotensin receptor types 1 and 2 -- AST aspartate aminotransferase -- BACE1 β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 -- CCl4 carbon tetrachloride -- CVDs cardiovascular diseases -- CRC colorectal cancer -- CK19 cytokeratin19 -- CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte -- DEX dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes -- DLD deterministic lateral displacement -- ESCRT endosomal sorting complexes required for transport -- EVs extracellular vesicles -- GM-CSF colony-stimulating factor -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- HGF hepatocyte growth factor -- hucMSCs human umbilical cord-MSCs -- IGF1 insulin-like growth factor 1 -- ILV intraluminal vesicles -- LBPA lysobisphosphatidic acid -- MSC mesenchymal stem cells -- MVs microvesicles -- MVB multivesicular body -- NTA nanoparticle tracking analysis -- NKc natural killer cells -- NGF nerve growth factor -- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer -- OPMDs oral potentially malignant disorders -- PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen -- PLP proteolipid protein -- PLD2 phospholipase D2 -- RAS renin-angiotensin system -- SEM scanning electron microscopy -- SDF1 stromal cell-derived factor 1 -- TLR toll-like receptor -- TDE tumor-derived exosome -- TGF-β1 transforming growth factor -- TEM transmission electron microscopy; Extracellular vesicles -- Exosomes -- Clinical applications; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipides -- Périodiques; Lipids; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 547.77
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104836
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0009-3084

Abstract

Highlights: Exosomes are small vesicles that can transfer biological molecules, horizontally and function in local and systemic cellular communication. Exosomes cane used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic tool in which they do not possess risks such as aneuploidy and transplant rejection. An important application of exosomes is their therapeutic potential in clinical trials and used as vaccines in cancers anti-tumor immunotherapy. Due to the different exosomal miRNA profile, they have potential in the diagnosis of the pathological state and tumor development process. Abstract: Exosomes are cup-shaped structures, made of two lipid layers. Their size is in the range of 30–150 nm. Exosomes are excreted to the extracellular space and function in local and systemic cellular communication. Based on their primary origins, they can contain substantial amounts of RNA, protein, and miRNA; the horizontal transfer of these contents significantly determines the exosome's biological effects. The endosomal origins of exosomes can be deduced based on their surface protein markers. The use of exosomes as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic tool, has numerous advantages because they do not pose risks such as aneuploidy and transplant rejection. This - overview highlights the recent findings in exosome development and current knowledge in exosome-based therapies.