Battery warm-up methodologies at subzero temperatures for automotive applications: Recent advances and perspectives. (March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hu, Xiaosong; Zheng, Yusheng; Howey, David A.; Perez, Hector; Foley, Aoife; Pecht, Michael
• Is Part Of: Progress in energy and combustion science. Volume 77(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-03
• Subjects: Lithium-ion batteries -- Low temperature -- Electric vehicles -- Thermal management system -- Preheating strategies; AC alternating current -- ACB all-climate battery -- ACT activation terminal -- AHE air heat exchanger -- BCU battery control unit -- BEV battery electric vehicle -- BTMS battery thermal management systems -- CC constant current -- CCD constant current discharge -- CHE coolant heat exchanger -- CHM charger module -- CNT carbon nanotubes -- COP coefficient of performance -- CPCM composite phase change material -- CV constant voltage -- CVD constant voltage discharge -- DC direct current -- DC/DC direct current to direct current -- DP dynamic programming -- ECT Electrochemical-thermal -- EEC equivalent electrical circuit -- EMS energy management strategy -- EV electric vehicle -- HESS hybrid energy storage system -- HEV hybrid electric vehicle -- HVAC heating ventilation and air condition -- ICE internal combustion engine -- IGBT insulated-gate bipolar transistors -- Li-ion Lithium-ion -- LPF lithium plating-free -- SEI solid-electrolyte interphase -- MHPA micro heat pipe array -- NiMH nickel-metal hydride -- PCM phase change materials -- PCS phase-change slurry -- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle -- PTC positive temperature coefficient -- RETC reduced electro-thermal coupled -- SAC sinusoidal alternating current -- SC supercapacitors -- SHLB self-heating lithium-ion battery -- SOC state of charge -- SOH state of health -- UDDS Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule; Combustion -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Combustion engineering -- Periodicals; 621.4023
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pecs.2019.100806
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-1285

Abstract

Abstract: Electric vehicles play a crucial role in reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for more sustainable transportation. Lithium-ion batteries, as the most expensive but least understood component in electric vehicles, directly affect vehicular driving range, safety, comfort, and reliability. However, the overall performance of traction batteries deteriorates significantly at low temperatures due to the reduced electrochemical reaction rate and accelerated health degradation, such as lithium plating. Without timely and effective actions, this performance degradation causes operational difficulties and safety hazards for electric vehicles. Battery warm-up/preheating is of particular importance when operating electric vehicles in cold geographical regions. To this end, this paper reviews various battery preheating strategies, including external convective and conductive preheating, as well as the latest progress in internal heating solutions. The effects of low temperature on batteries from the perspectives of cell performance as well as materials properties are briefly summarized. Thermal science issues involved in warm-up are also elucidated. The framework of battery management systems (BTMS) at low temperatures, including the key design considerations at different battery integration levels and the overall classification of warm-up approaches into external and internal groups, are introduced in detail. Next, a comprehensive literature review on different warm-up strategies is presented, and the basic principles, advantages, disadvantages, and potential improvements of each strategy are elaborated. Finally, future trends of battery warm-up methods are discussed in terms of key technologies, promising opportunities, and challenges.