The Long Road to Adoption: How Long Does it Take to Adopt Updated County‐Level Flood Insurance Rate Maps?. Issue 4 (2nd June 2019)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- The Long Road to Adoption: How Long Does it Take to Adopt Updated County‐Level Flood Insurance Rate Maps?. Issue 4 (2nd June 2019)
- Main Title:
- The Long Road to Adoption: How Long Does it Take to Adopt Updated County‐Level Flood Insurance Rate Maps?
- Authors:
- Wilson, Michael T.
Kousky, Carolyn - Abstract:
- Abstract : Floods cause the most damage of all natural disasters in the United States. Households and communities receive much of their information on flood hazards from maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). These maps have been criticized for many reasons: they use poor data, do not reflect a changing climate, do not capture rainfall flooding, create misperceptions about risk, and are often out of date. We examine this last concern, investigating how long it takes updated county‐level flood maps to be adopted across the country, using a unique nationwide data set from June 2014 to 2017. We find substantial heterogeneity in the time to adopt maps, with multiple outliers where the process far exceeds the time FEMA has estimated should be standard. Many factors may generate delay, including time for new data collection, technical challenges to revised maps, and community opposition. We also find there are differences in appeal rates and the timing of map revisions based on those appeals between inland and coastal counties and between higher and lower income communities. These correlations raise important questions for policymakers and scholars about the equity and accuracy of the nation's current approach to mapping changing flood risk. 采纳之路漫长:采用更新的县级防洪保险率地图需要多久?:Abstract : Floods cause the most damage of all natural disasters in the United States. Households and communities receive much of their information on flood hazards from maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). These maps have been criticized for many reasons: they use poor data, do not reflect a changing climate, do not capture rainfall flooding, create misperceptions about risk, and are often out of date. We examine this last concern, investigating how long it takes updated county‐level flood maps to be adopted across the country, using a unique nationwide data set from June 2014 to 2017. We find substantial heterogeneity in the time to adopt maps, with multiple outliers where the process far exceeds the time FEMA has estimated should be standard. Many factors may generate delay, including time for new data collection, technical challenges to revised maps, and community opposition. We also find there are differences in appeal rates and the timing of map revisions based on those appeals between inland and coastal counties and between higher and lower income communities. These correlations raise important questions for policymakers and scholars about the equity and accuracy of the nation's current approach to mapping changing flood risk. 采纳之路漫长:采用更新的县级防洪保险率地图需要多久?: 洪水在美国造成的自然灾害最多。家庭和社区大多从联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)提供的地图了解水灾信息。这些地图受到批判的原因多种多样:信息不足、不能反映多变天气、无法捕捉降雨造成的水灾、对风险的理解有误,以及经常没有更新信息。笔者检验了最后这一点,通过使用一组独特的全国性数据集(从2014年6月到2017年6月),调查了全国需要多久才能都采用更新过后的县级水灾地图。笔者从地图采纳时间中发现了大量的异质性,其中存在许多例外情况,即采纳过程所需时间远超出FEMA所预计的标准时间。造成信息更新延误的因素有很多,包括新数据收集所需时间、修订地图的技术性挑战、以及社区反对。笔者还发现,内地和沿海县区,高收入和低收入群体之间,就上诉率和地图修订时间存在差异。针对该国当前提供多变洪水风险信息时的公正性和准确性,上述关联对政策制定者和学者提出了重要问题。 El largo camino hacia la aprobación: cuánto tiempo se necesita para aprobar mapas de tarifa de seguro para las inundaciones a nivel de condado: De todos los desastres naturales en los Estados Unidos, las inundaciones son el que más daños causa. Los hogares y las comunidades reciben la mayoría de su información de los peligros de las inundaciones mediante mapas que produce la Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias (FEMA). Estos mapas han sido criticados por muchas razones: usan datos deficientes, no reflejan un clima cambiante, no captan las inundaciones de lluvia, crean percepciones erróneas sobre el riesgo y, a menudo, están desactualizados. Examinamos esta última preocupación, investigando cuánto tiempo necesita la aprobación de mapas de inundaciones actualizados a nivel de condado en todo el país, utilizando un conjunto de datos único a nivel nacional desde junio de 2014 hasta junio de 2017. Encontramos una gran heterogeneidad en el momento de aprobar mapas, con múltiples valores atípicos en los que el proceso supera con creces el tiempo que FEMA estima que debería ser estándar. Muchos factores pueden generar demoras, incluido el tiempo para la recopilación de nuevos datos, los desafíos técnicos para los mapas revisados y la oposición de la comunidad. También descubrimos que hay diferencias en las tasas de apelación y el momento en que se realizan las revisiones de los mapas en función de esas apelaciones entre los condados del interior y de la costa y entre las comunidades de ingresos más altos y más bajos. Estas correlaciones plantean preguntas importantes para los responsables políticos y académicos acerca de la equidad y la precisión del enfoque actual de la nación para hacer un mapeo cambiante del riesgo de inundación. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Risk, hazards & crisis in public policy. Volume 10:Issue 4(2019)
- Journal:
- Risk, hazards & crisis in public policy
- Issue:
- Volume 10:Issue 4(2019)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 10, Issue 4 (2019)
- Year:
- 2019
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2019-0010-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 403
- Page End:
- 421
- Publication Date:
- 2019-06-02
- Subjects:
- risk policy and management -- hazard management and mitigation -- flooding
风险政策和管理 -- 灾害管理和缓解 -- 水灾
política y gestión de riesgos -- gestión y mitigación de riesgos -- inundaciones
Emergency management -- Periodicals
Disasters -- Government policy
Disasters -- Periodicals
Public health -- Periodicals
Disasters
Disasters -- Government policy
Emergency management
Public health
Periodicals
363.3405 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1944-4079 ↗
http://www.psocommons.org/rhcpp/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1002/rhc3.12166 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1944-4079
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 7972.589600
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British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 12479.xml