Biology and Management of the Eastern Lubber Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae). (16th March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schowalter, T D
• Is Part Of: Journal of integrated pest management. Volume 9:Number 1(2018)
• Publication Date: 2018-03-16
• Subjects: chemical defense -- aposematic coloration -- parasitism -- insecticide -- bait; Pests -- Integrated control -- Periodicals; Entomology -- Periodicals; 632.9
• DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmy004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2155-7470

Abstract

Abstract: The eastern lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Beauvois) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is locally common in swamps, open woodlands, weedy fields, and ditches in the southeastern United States. This species displays bold color patterns that vary from primarily lighter yellows and oranges in eastern portions of its range (although the black form occurs throughout the range) to shiny black with red markings in western portions, exemplifying aposematic (warning) coloration. This grasshopper has a wide host range, with more than 100 known host plants, from which it can sequester or synthesize a variety of toxic chemicals. Lubber defenses are highly effective against vertebrate predators, but not against a variety of parasitoids and entomopathogens. Lubbers rarely cause serious damage, and their saliva is known to stimulate compensatory plant growth. Nevertheless, they can cause economic damage to citrus orchards, vegetable crops, and landscaping vegetation that border natural habitats. Damage typically is localized and can be managed effectively using an integrated pest management (IPM) approach. Insecticides are relatively ineffective and generally not recommended. Selecting less preferred host plants for landscaping where lubbers have been nuisances is a recommended strategy. When control is warranted, hand-picking and killing lubbers is effective at low densities. Several insecticides, including the microbial product, spinosad, are effective against nymphs. A granular bait containing 5% carbaryl is effective against lubbers of all stages, especially in areas dominated by less preferred hosts. Treatment can be focused in strips along the margins of orchards, crops, or landscaping to prevent lubbers from moving in. All insecticides should be used only according to label directions.