Inhalation Injury and Toxic Industrial Chemical Exposure. (5th September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saeed, Omar; Boyer, Nathan L; Pamplin, Jeremy C; Driscoll, Ian R; DellaVolpe, Jeff; Cannon, Jeremy; Cancio, Leopoldo C
• Is Part Of: Military medicine. Volume 183(2018)Supplement 2
• Page Start: 130
• Page End: 132
• Publication Date: 2018-09-05
• Subjects: smoke inhalation -- toxic inhalation -- inhalation injury -- chemical injury -- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- pulmonary injury -- chemical exposure; Surgery, Military -- Societies, etc; Medicine, Military -- Societies, etc; Medicine, Military -- Periodicals; Surgery, Military -- Periodicals; Medicine, Military; Surgery, Military; Military Medicine -- Periodicals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.98023
• DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy073
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0026-4075

Abstract

Abstract: Toxic industrial chemicals include chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia have variable effects on the respiratory tract, and maybe seen alone or in combination, secondary to inhalation injury. Other considerations include the effects of cyanide, carbon monoxide, and fire suppressants. This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) will provide the reader with a brief overview of these important topics and general management strategies for each as well as for inhalation injury. Chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia are either of intermediate or high water solubility leading to immediate reactions with mucous membranes of the face, throat, and lungs and rapid symptoms onset after exposure. The exception to rapid symptom onset is phosgene which may take up to a day to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Management of these patients includes early airway management, lung-protective ventilator strategies, aggressive pulmonary toilet, and avoidance of volume overload.