Effect of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade in adults with diabetes mellitus and advanced chronic kidney disease not on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Issue 1 (2nd July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nistor, Ionut; De Sutter, Johan; Drechsler, Christiane; Goldsmith, David; Soler, Maria Jose; Tomson, Charles; Wiecek, Andrzej; Donciu, Mihaela-Dora; Bolignano, Davide; Van Biesen, Wim; Covic, Adrian
• Is Part Of: Nephrology dialysis transplantation. Volume 33:Issue 1(2018)
• Page Start: 12
• Page End: 22
• Publication Date: 2017-07-02
• Subjects: angiotensin II -- diabetes mellitus -- diabetic kidney disease -- guidelines -- predialysis; Nephrology -- Periodicals; Hemodialysis -- Periodicals; Kidneys -- Transplantation -- Periodicals; Hemodialysis; Kidneys -- Transplantation; Nephrology; Periodicals; 616.61
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx072
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0931-0509

Abstract

Abstract: The presumed superiority of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)-blocking agents over other antihypertensive agents in patients with diabetes to delay development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has recently been challenged. In addition, there is ongoing uncertainty whether RAAS-blocking agents reduce mortality and/or delay ESKD in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5. In this subgroup, there might be an expedited need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) when RAAS-blocking agents are used. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 6-months duration in adult patients with diabetes who also have non-dialysis CKD stages 3–5. RCTs comparing single RAAS-blocking agents to placebo or alternative antihypertensive agents were included. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, progression of renal function, ESKD and adverse events. A total of nine trials ( n = 9797 participants with CKD stages 3–5) fit our inclusion criteria. There was no difference between the RAAS group and control group regarding all-cause mortality {relative risk [RR] = 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.10]}, cardiovascular mortality [RR = 1.03 (95% CI 0.75–1.41)] and adverse events [RR = 1.05 (95% CI 0.89–1.25)]. There was a trend for a favourable effect for non-fatal cardiovascular events [RR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.81–1.00)] and a lower risk of the composite endpoint need for RRT/doubling of serum creatinine [RR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.70–0.92)] in the RAAS-blocking agents group versus the control group. We found evidence that in patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD stages 3–5, treatment with RAAS-blocking agents did not result in a clear survival advantage. The effect on renal outcomes did depend on the selected outcome measure. However, we did not find evidence that the use of RAAS-blocking agents expedited the need for RRT in patients with CKD stages 3–5.