Reflections on the spoon test. (November 2019) - Wilkins, Clive
Abstract: In this paper, we shall use Tulving's seminal empirical and theoretical research including the 'Spoon Test' to explore memory and mental time travel and its origins and role in planning for the future. We will review the comparative research on future planning and episodic foresight in pre-verbal children and non-verbal animals to explore how this may be manifest as wordless thoughts. Highlights: We explore memory and mental time travel and its origins and role in planning for the future. We review the work on comparative cognition and cognitive development. This allows us to explore non-verbal and pre-verbal mental time travel.