137Cs and 40K in Cortinarius caperatus mushrooms (1996–2016) in Poland - Bioconcentration and estimated intake: 137Cs in Cortinarius spp. from the Northern Hemisphere from 1974 to 2016. (December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Falandysz, Jerzy; Zalewska, Tamara; Fernandes, Alwyn R.
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 255(2019)Part 1
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Subjects: Exposure -- Food -- Fungi -- Forest -- Radiocaesium -- Radiotoxicity -- Soil; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113208
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Cortinarius caperatus grows in the northern regions of Europe, North America and Asia and is widely collected by mushroom foragers across Europe. This study shows that in the last three decades since the Chernobyl nuclear accident, C. caperatus collected across much of Northern Poland exhibited high activity concentrations of radiocaesium ( 137 Cs) - a long-lived radionuclide. The mushroom appears to efficiently bioconcentrate 137 Cs from contaminated soil substrata followed by sequestration into its morphological parts such as the cap and stipe which are used as food. The gradual leaching of 137 Cs into the lower strata of surface soils in exposed areas are likely to facilitate higher bioavailability to the mycelia of this species which penetrate to relatively greater depths and may account for the continuing high activity levels noticed in Polish samples (e.g. activity within caps in some locations was still at 11, 000 Bq kg −1 dw in 2008 relative to a peak of 18, 000 in 2002). The associated dietary intake levels of 137 Cs have often exceeded the tolerance limits set by the European Union (370 and 600 Bq kg −1 ww for children and adults respectively) during the years 1996–2010. Human dietary exposure to 137 Cs is influenced by the method of food preparation and may be mitigated by blanching followed by disposal of the water, rather than direct consumption after stir-frying or stewing. It may be prudent to provide precautionary advice and monitor activity levels, as this mushroom continues to be foraged by casual as well as experienced mushroom hunters. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Gypsy mushroom ( C. caperatus ) is an efficient fungal accumulator of radiocaesium. Decades after Chernobyl accident C. caperatus could exceed radiocaesium safety limits. Activity concentrations of C. caperatus fluctuate over time. Recent examples of C. caperatus from hot-spots can show elevated 137 Cs levels. Dietary intake of some Polish C. caperatus can provide relatively high radioactive dose.