Reciprocal data acquisition and subsequent waveform matching for integrated onshore–offshore seismic profiling. Issue 1 (13th September 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Katou, Masafumi; Abe, Susumu; Saito, Hideo; Sato, Hiroshi
• Is Part Of: Geophysical journal international. Volume 212:Issue 1(2018:Jan.)
• Page Start: 509
• Page End: 521
• Publication Date: 2017-09-13
• Subjects: Image processing; Time-series analysis -- Controlled source seismology -- Seismic instruments -- Theoretical seismology -- Wave propagation; Geophysics -- Periodicals; 550
• DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggx374
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0956-540X

Abstract

SUMMARY: In this study, experiments on seismic reciprocity utilizing various acquisition tools, including airguns, vibrators, dynamite, hydrophones and geophones, in combination are conducted on onshore–offshore transects that crossed the coastline. Because airguns, vibrators and dynamite generate different wavelets (i.e. have different source functions) and because hydrophones and geophones observe different physical field quantities, waveform matching processes must be applied to the recorded time-series to perform integrated seismic profiling. For the best integration of data acquired with onshore and offshore instruments, processes which compensate the instrumental differences with no loss of bandwidth should be employed. We present a combined onshore–offshore acquisition system and associated signal processing procedures for obtaining broad-band seismograms that support the comparison of reciprocal data. In the first of two experiments, we considered the data acquired by using two receiver–source pairs, one consisting of an onshore geophone and offshore airgun and the other consisting of an offshore hydrophone and onshore vibrator. The two waveforms were found to be in very good agreement after applying data processing including signature deconvolution. In the second experiment, we succeeded in matching time-series data from a pair consisting of an onshore geophone and offshore airgun and a pair consisting of an offshore hydrophone and an onshore dynamite source, by tracing subsurface dilatation through the use of a buried array of multicomponent geophones and the moving least squares method. Both signature deconvolution and the moving least squares method preserved the bandwidth of each recorded seismogram and were noise-independent. This study confirms that seismic reciprocity for onshore–offshore seismic profiling can be achieved with a combined survey system using all required instrument types and modern data processing preserving recorded bandwidth.