Organoids are promising tools for species‐specific in vitro toxicological studies. Issue 12 (5th June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Augustyniak, Justyna; Bertero, Alessia; Coccini, Teresa; Baderna, Diego; Buzanska, Leonora; Caloni, Francesca
• Is Part Of: Journal of applied toxicology. Volume 39:Issue 12(2019)
• Page Start: 1610
• Page End: 1622
• Publication Date: 2019-06-05
• Subjects: 3D models -- ESCs -- iPSCs -- organoids -- spheroids -- stem cells -- toxicology; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Industrial toxicology -- Periodicals; Environmentally induced diseases -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; 615.9005
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.3815
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0260-437X

Abstract

Abstract: Organoids are three‐dimensional self‐aggregating structures generated from stem cells (SCs) or progenitor cells in a process that recapitulates molecular and cellular stages of early organ development. The differentiation process leads to the appearance of specialized mature cells and is connected with changes in the organoid internal structure rearrangement and self‐organization. The formation of organ‐specific structures in vitro with highly ordered architecture is also strongly influenced by the extracellular matrix. These features make organoids as a powerful model for in vitro toxicology. Nowadays this technology is developing very quickly. In this review we present, from a toxicological and species‐specific point of view, the state of the art of organoid generation from adult SCs and pluripotent SCs: embryonic SCs or induced pluripotent SCs. The current culture organoid techniques are discussed for their main advantages, disadvantages and limitations. In the second part of the review, we concentrated on the characterization of species‐specific organoids generated from tissue‐specific SCs of different sources: mammary (bovine), epidermis (canine), intestinal (porcine, bovine, canine, chicken) and liver (feline, canine). Abstract : Organoids are three‐dimensional aggregates obtained from stem cells or progenitor cells, which are able to generate organ‐specific structures in vitro, thus representing a powerful model for species‐specific in vitro toxicology. In this review we summarized the state of the art of organoid generation and culture techniques from a toxicological point of view, pointing out advantages, disadvantages and limitations of species‐specific organoids obtained from different stem cells sources: mammary (bovine), epidermis (canine), intestinal (porcine, bovine, canine, chicken) and liver (feline, canine).