From bone regeneration to three-dimensional in vitro models: tissue engineering of organized bone extracellular matrix. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: de Wildt, Bregje W.M.; Ansari, Sana; Sommerdijk, Nico A.J.M.; Ito, Keita; Akiva, Anat; Hofmann, Sandra
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in biomedical engineering. Volume 10(2019)
• Page Start: 107
• Page End: 115
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: Bone tissue engineering -- In vitro model -- Extracellular matrix -- Mineralization -- Collagen organization; ECM extracellular matrix -- FBS fetal bovine serum -- MSCs mesenchymal stromal cells -- NCPs noncollagenous proteins -- DMP1 dentin matrix protein 1; Biomedical engineering -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.05.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2468-4511

Abstract

Abstract: Traditionally, bone tissue engineering has been used for creating implants for bone regeneration, but recently, it is increasingly applied to create three-dimensional (3D) in vitro bone models to study bone physiology and pathology. For 3D in vitro bone models, the engineered extracellular matrix organization should resemble the in vivo physiological bone structure because this is often the hallmark in skeletal pathologies — an issue that has not been solved yet. In this review article, we define the extracellular matrix requirements for an optimal 3D in vitro model based on the most recent advances on bone structure. To meet these requirements, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and mature osteoblasts should work together under physiological conditions, and the formed extracellular matrix should be analyzed and optimized at multiple length scales. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Bone tissue engineering is increasingly applied to create three-dimensional in vitro models of bone for drug testing. In vitro, the recreation of a physiological bone structure has not been accomplished yet. To recreate the physiological bone structure, extracellular matrix components should be assessed and optimized at multiple hierarchical levels. Bone tissue engineering for three-dimensional in vitro models mimicking bone physiology should not be limited to bone-forming osteoblasts only.