The relationship between environmental factors and different Parkinson's disease subtypes in Greece: Data analysis of the Hellenic Biobank of Parkinson's disease. (October 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Angelopoulou, Efthalia; Bozi, Maria; Simitsi, Athina-Maria; Koros, Christos; Antonelou, Roubina; Papagiannakis, Nikolaos; Maniati, Matina; Poula, Dafni; Stamelou, Maria; Vassilatis, Demetrios K.; Michalopoulos, Ioannis; Geronikolou, Styliani; Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Stefanis, Leonidas
• Is Part Of: Parkinsonism & related disorders. Volume 67(2019)
• Page Start: 105
• Page End: 112
• Publication Date: 2019-10
• Subjects: Parkinson's disease -- Biobank -- Smoking -- Coffee -- Pesticides; Parkinson's disease -- Periodicals; Movement disorders -- Periodicals; Movement Disorders -- Periodicals; Nerve Degeneration -- Periodicals; Nervous System Diseases -- Periodicals; Parkinson Disease -- Periodicals; Tremor -- Periodicals; Parkinson, Maladie de -- Périodiques; Parkinson's disease; 616.833
• DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.08.013
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1353-8020

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between environmental factors (smoking, coffee, pesticide exposure) and Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes (early-onset, mid-and-late onset, familial and sporadic) in the Greek population. Methods: The Hellenic Biobank of PD recorded information of PD cases and controls from two centers in Greece during 2006–2017. Patients with the A53T mutation in SNCA or GBA mutations were excluded. Associations of environmental factors with PD overall (and PD subtypes) versus controls were explored with logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender and each environmental factor. Results: 686 patients and 356 controls were included. Smoking was associated with a reduced risk of PD overall (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35–0.67), mid-and-late onset (0.46, 0.32–0.66), familial (0.53, 0.34–0.83) and sporadic (0.46, 0.32–0.65), but not early-onset PD. There was an inverse linear association with pack-years of smoking, except for early-onset PD. Early-onset PD was the only PD subtype inversely associated with coffee consumption when dichotomously treated. Compared to never-coffee drinkers, only those at the upper tertile had lower odds for PD overall (0.52, 0.29–0.91), early-onset (0.16, 0.05–0.53) and familial PD (0.36, 0.17–0.75). No associations were found between pesticides and PD. Conclusions: Our study shows that the well-known negative association of smoking with PD occurs across all PD subtypes in the Greek population, apart from early-onset PD. Early-onset PD was also most strongly inversely associated with coffee consumption, highlighting a potential distinct underlying physiopathology in this PD subset that may involve specific gene-environment interactions. Highlights: Smoking is inversely associated with mid-late but not early-onset PD. Smoking is inversely associated with both familial and sporadic PD. Smoking pack-years are inversely linearly associated with PD. Heavy coffee intake is inversely associated with PD overall. Heavy coffee intake is inversely associated only with early-onset and familial PD subtypes.