Forensic science evidence: Naive estimates of false positive error rates and reliability. (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Martire, Kristy A.; Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Bali, Agnes; Edmond, Gary; Kemp, Richard I.; Found, Bryan
• Is Part Of: Forensic science international. Volume 302(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: Forensic science -- Forensic evidence -- Accuracy -- Error rate -- Reliability; Medical jurisprudence -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Forensic -- Periodicals; Forensic Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine légale -- Périodiques; Chimie légale -- Périodiques; Gerechtelijke geneeskunde; Gerechtelijke chemie; Gerechtelijke psychiatrie; Chemistry, Forensic; Medical jurisprudence; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 614.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109877
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0379-0738

Abstract

Highlights: Lay people and practitioners view forensic evidence as highly reliable. Lay people appear to underestimate false positive errors. Both groups appear to overestimate reliability compared to known values. Abstract: We do not know how often false positive reports are made in a range of forensic science disciplines. In the absence of this information it is important to understand the naive beliefs held by potential jurors about forensic science evidence reliability. It is these beliefs that will shape evaluations at trial. This descriptive study adds to our knowledge about naive beliefs by: (1) measuring jury-eligible (lay) perceptions of reliability for the largest range of forensic science disciplines to date, over three waves of data collection between 2011 and 2016 ( n = 674); (2) calibrating reliability ratings with false positive report estimates; and (3) comparing lay reliability estimates with those of an opportunity sample of forensic practitioners ( n = 53). Overall the data suggest that both jury-eligible participants and practitioners consider forensic evidence highly reliable. When compared to best or plausible estimates of reliability and error in the forensic sciences these views appear to overestimate reliability and underestimate the frequency of false positive errors. This result highlights the importance of collecting and disseminating empirically derived estimates of false positive error rates to ensure that practitioners and potential jurors have a realistic impression of the value of forensic science evidence.