0193 Sleepiness and Slow Rolling Eye Movements are Increased During Autonomous Versus Manual Driving. (12th April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wong, Lily R; Kuriyagawa, Yukiyo; Gowda, Nikhil; Cravalho, Patrick; Wilaiprasitporn, Theerawit; Garcia, Javier; Flynn-Evans, Erin E
• Is Part Of: Sleep. Volume 42(2019)Supplement 1
• Page Start: A79
• Page End: A79
• Publication Date: 2019-04-12
• Subjects: Sleep -- Physiological aspects -- Periodicals; Sleep disorders -- Periodicals; Sommeil -- Aspect physiologique -- Périodiques; Sommeil, Troubles du -- Périodiques; Sleep disorders; Sleep -- Physiological aspects; Sleep -- physiological aspects; Sleep Wake Disorders; Psychophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 616.8498
• DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.192
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0161-8105

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Driving automation systems (DAS) purport to reduce the number of motor vehicle collisions and enhance driving safety by reducing driver workload, providing stable lane-keeping and automated braking when a hazard is detected. Current regulations require drivers to maintain situation awareness when supervising an autonomous vehicle in order to take over driving when necessary. As DAS become standard for motor vehicles, the driver's role will shift from one of active engagement to passive monitoring. Prior studies have demonstrated that performance on monitoring tasks is reduced following sleep loss. Given the high prevalence of sleep deficiency in the US, we hypothesized that supervision of an autonomous vehicle would unmask underlying sleepiness compared to manual driving among individuals following their typical sleep schedules. Methods: During one laboratory visit, participants completed a simulated 42-minute manual and autonomous drive in randomized order. Electroencephalography and electrooculography were recorded continuously during both drives (BrainVision Recorder version 1.21). Slow rolling eye movements (SREMs) were marked by a blinded scorer and were defined as rolling eye movements lasting at least two seconds. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was collected following each drive. Sleep diaries and actigraphy were collected for two weeks prior to the laboratory visit to measure self-selected sleep habits. SREMs and KSS scores were analyzed using mixed-effects models adjusted for drive order (SAS version 9.4). Results: Seventeen participants (8 females, agemean : 33.7 ± 10.6 years) completed the study. Participants rated themselves sleepier (KSS manualmean : 5.4 ± 2.4; autonomousmean : 6.9 ± 2.1; p = 0.03) and had more SREMs during the autonomous (mean: 19.9 ± 19.5) versus the manual drive (mean: 9.7 ± 11.3; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that people feel sleepier and experience more SREMs during autonomous versus manual driving. This suggests that DAS may reduce driver situation awareness. Further research is needed to determine whether these attentional failures reduce an individual's ability to take control of a vehicle when necessary. Further analysis is needed to evaluate how sleep history may mediate these findings. Support (If Any): SJSU Research Foundation