Distinct serum biosignatures are associated with different tuberculosis treatment outcomes. (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ronacher, Katharina; Chegou, Novel N.; Kleynhans, Léanie; Djoba Siawaya, Joel F.; du Plessis, Nelita; Loxton, André G.; Maasdorp, Elizna; Tromp, Gerard; Kidd, Martin; Stanley, Kim; Kriel, Magdalena; Menezes, Angela; Gutschmidt, Andrea; van der Spuy, Gian D.; Warren, Robin M.; Dietze, Reynaldo; Okwera, Alphonse; Thiel, Bonnie; Belisle, John T.; Cliff, Jacqueline M.; Boom, W. Henry; Johnson, John L.; van Helden, Paul D.; Dockrell, Hazel M.; Walzl, Gerhard
• Is Part Of: Tuberculosis. Volume 118(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: Tuberculosis -- Tuberculosis treatment -- Relapse -- Biomarkers -- Treatment failure; TB Tuberculosis -- TTP time to positivity -- BMI body mass index -- CXR chest X-rays -- RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism -- TBRU Tuberculosis Research Unit -- IRB Institutional Review Board -- SD standard deviation -- ANOVA analysis of variance -- LOOCV leave-one-out cross-validation -- Dx diagnosis -- M2 month 2; 616.995
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.101859
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1472-9792

Abstract

Abstract: Biomarkers for TB treatment response and outcome are needed. This study characterize changes in immune profiles during TB treatment, define biosignatures associated with treatment outcomes, and explore the feasibility of predictive models for relapse. Seventy-two markers were measured by multiplex cytokine array in serum samples from 78 cured, 12 relapsed and 15 failed treatment patients from South Africa before and during therapy for pulmonary TB. Promising biosignatures were evaluated in a second cohort from Uganda/Brazil consisting of 17 relapse and 23 cured patients. Thirty markers changed significantly with different response patterns during TB treatment in cured patients. The serum biosignature distinguished cured from relapse patients and a combination of two clinical (time to positivity in liquid culture and BMI) and four immunological parameters (TNF-β, sIL-6R, IL-12p40 and IP-10) at diagnosis predicted relapse with a 75% sensitivity (95%CI 0.38–1) and 85% specificity (95%CI 0.75–0.93). This biosignature was validated in an independent Uganda/Brazil cohort correctly classifying relapse patients with 83% (95%CI 0.58–1) sensitivity and 61% (95%CI 0.39–0.83) specificity. A characteristic biosignature with value as predictor of TB relapse was identified. The repeatability and robustness of these biomarkers require further validation in well-characterized cohorts.